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Changes and availability of P fractions following 65 years of P application to a calcareous soil in a Mediterranean climate

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Abstract

The fate and availability of P derived from granular fertilisers in an alkaline Calcarosol soil were examined in a 65-year field trial in a semi-arid environment (annual rainfall 325 mm). Sequential P fractionation was conducted in the soils collected from the trial plots receiving 0–12 kg P ha−1crop−1, and the rhizosphere soil after growing wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yitpi) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. cv. Genesis 836) for one or two 60-day cycles in the glasshouse. Increasing long-term P application rate over 65 years significantly increased all inorganic P (Pi) fractions except HCl–Pi. By contrast, P application did not affect or tended to decrease organic P (Po) fractions. Increasing P application also increased Olsen-P and resin-P but decreased the P buffer capacity and sorption maxima. Residual P, Pi and Po fractions accounted for an average of 32, 16 and 52% of total P, respectively. All soil P fractions including residual P in the rhizosphere soil declined following 60-day growth of either wheat or chickpea. The decreases were greater in soils with a history of high P application than low P. An exception was water-extractable Po, which increased following plant growth. Changes in various P fractions in the rhizosphere followed the same pattern for both plant species. Biomass production and P uptake of the plants grown in the glasshouse correlated positively with the residual P and inorganic fractions (except HCl–Pi) but negatively with Po in the H2O-, NaOH- and H2SO4-fractions of the original soils. The results suggest that the long-term application of fertiliser P to the calcareous sandy soil built up residual P and non-labile Pi fractions, but these P fractions are potentially available to crops.

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Acknowledgment

We thank Mr. Ivan Mock and Mr. Roy Latta for their assistance in collecting soil and plant samples, Victorian Department of Primary Industries for permission to access the long-term agronomic trial network, and Professor Richard Bell and two Reviewers for their valuable comments. The work is supported by the Grains Research and Development Corporation (Australia) through the Nutrient Management Initiative Project (UM00023).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora (Melbourne), VIC 3086, Australia

    D. T. Vu & C. Tang

  2. Department of Primary Industries, PIRVic, PMB 260, Horsham, VIC, 3401, Australia

    R. D. Armstrong

  3. Institute for Soils and Fertilizers, Hanoi, Vietnam

    D. T. Vu

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  1. D. T. Vu
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  2. C. Tang
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  3. R. D. Armstrong
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Correspondence to C. Tang.

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Responsible Editor: Richard W. Bell.

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Vu, D.T., Tang, C. & Armstrong, R.D. Changes and availability of P fractions following 65 years of P application to a calcareous soil in a Mediterranean climate. Plant Soil 304, 21–33 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9516-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9516-x

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