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Rhodiola rosea L.: from golden root to green cell factories

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Abstract

Rhodiola rosea L. is a worldwide popular plant with adaptogenic activities that have been and currently are exploited in the traditional medicine of many countries, as well as, examined in a number of clinical trials. More than 140 chemical structures have been identified which belong to several natural product classes, including phenylpropanoid glycosides, phenylethanoids, flavonoids and essential oils, and are mainly stored in the rhizomes and the roots of the plant. A number of mechanisms contribute to the adaptogenic activities of R. rosea preparations and its phytochemical constituents. Among them, the intrinsic inducible mammalian stress responses and their effector proteins, such as heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), are the most prominent. Due to its popular medicinal use, which has led to depletion of its natural habitats, R. rosea is now considered as endangered in most parts of the world. Conservation, cultivation and micropropagation are all implemented as potential preservation strategies. A number of in vitro systems of R. rosea are being developed as sources of pharmaceutically valuable secondary metabolites. These are greatly facilitated by advances in elucidation of the biosynthetic pathways and the enzymes, which catalyse the production of these secondary metabolites in the plant. In addition, biotechnological approaches show promise towards achieving sustainable production of R. rosea secondary metabolites.

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Abbreviations

2.4-D:

2.4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

AEs:

Adverse events

BAP:

6-Benzylaminopurine

BAX:

Bcl-2-associated X protein

Bcl-2:

B-cell lymphoma-2

CA:

Cinnamyl alcohol

cAMP:

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

DW:

Dry weight

eNOS:

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase

GA3 :

Gibberellic acid

GC–MS:

Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy

GMP:

Good manufacturing practices

HIF1:

Hypoxia-inducible factors 1

HPLC:

High performance liquid chromatography

Hsp70:

Heat shock protein 70

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

IBA:

Indole-3-butyric acid

Kin:

Kinetin

MeJa:

Methyl jasmonate

MS:

Murashige and Skoog

NAA:

Naphtaleneacetic acid

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

NQO1:

NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1

Phe:

l-Phenylalanine

THMP:

Traditional herbal medicinal products

Tyr:

l-Tyrosine

TyrDC:

Tyrosine decarboxylase

UDP:

UDP-glucose:tyrosol glucosyltransferase

Zea:

Zeatin

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Applied Biotechnologies, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

    Andrey S. Marchev & Milen I. Georgiev

  2. Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

    Andrey S. Marchev & Milen I. Georgiev

  3. Division of Cancer Research, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK

    Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova

  4. Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA

    Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova

  5. Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Corvinus University of Budapest, Ménesi út 44, 1118, Budapest, Hungary

    Zsuzsanna György & Iman Mirmazloum

  6. Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Ina Y. Aneva

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  1. Andrey S. Marchev
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  3. Zsuzsanna György
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Marchev, A.S., Dinkova-Kostova, A.T., György, Z. et al. Rhodiola rosea L.: from golden root to green cell factories. Phytochem Rev 15, 515–536 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-016-9453-5

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