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Molecular cross-talk between sponge host and associated microbes

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Abstract

Marine organisms especially those that live sessile, as sponges, are well known to have specific relationships with a great variety of microorganisms including bacteria and fungi. As most simple metazoan phylum, the Porifera, which emerged first during the transition from the non-Metazoa to the Metazoa from the common ancestor, comprise wide arrays of recognition molecules, both for Gram-negative bacteria and for Gram-positive bacteria as well as for fungi. They react specifically with effector molecules to inhibit or kill the invading microorganisms. The elicitation and the subsequent effector reactions of the sponges towards these microbes are outlined. However, besides of the elimination of bacteria and fungi, some of those taxa are kept as symbionts of the sponges, allowing them, for example, to accumulate the essential element manganese or to synthesize carotinoids. The sponges produce low-molecular-weight bioactive compounds, secondary metabolites, to eliminate the microorganisms. In addition, they are armed with cationic antimicrobial peptides allowing them to defend against invasive microorganisms and, in parallel, to kill or repel also metazoan invaders. The broad range of chemically and functionally different compounds qualifies the Porifera as the most important animal phylum to be exploited as a source for the isolation of new potential drugs. First molecular biological strategies have been outlined to obtain those compounds in a sustainable way, by producing them recombinantly.

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Acknowledgments

W.E.G. M. is holder of an ERC Advanced Investigator Grant (no. 268476—BIOSILICA). This work was supported by grants from the German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, the European Commission/EUREKA (EUROSTARS, no. 4289—SILIBACTS), the European Commission (seventh framework programme) grants: 286059 [CoreShell]), 246987 [IRSES], 244967 [Mem-S], 215507-2 [BIOMINTEC] and 266033 [SPECIAL], and the Public Welfare Project of the Ministry of Land and Resources of the People’s Republic of China (Grant No. 201011005–06). This is NIO contribution number 5141.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 26 Baiwanzhuang Dajie, 100037, Beijing, China

    Xiaohong Wang

  2. ERC Advanced Grant Research Group at the Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany

    Xiaohong Wang, David Brandt, Matthias Wiens, Heinz C. Schröder & Werner E. G. Müller

  3. Bioorganic Chemistry Group, Chemical Oceanography Division, National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India

    Narsinh L. Thakur

  4. Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine Research, Giordano Paliaga 5, HR-52210, Rovinj, Croatia

    Renato Batel

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  1. Xiaohong Wang
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  2. David Brandt
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  3. Narsinh L. Thakur
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  4. Matthias Wiens
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  7. Werner E. G. Müller
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Correspondence to Werner E. G. Müller.

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Wang, X., Brandt, D., Thakur, N.L. et al. Molecular cross-talk between sponge host and associated microbes. Phytochem Rev 12, 369–390 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-012-9226-8

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