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Risk factors for glioblastoma in adults in Japan: an exploratory cohort study based on the Shizuoka Kokuho Database, the Shizuoka study

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Abstract

Purpose

To elucidate the risk factors associated with the onset of glioblastoma (GBM) utilizing a comprehensive administrative claims database from a major governmental district in Japan.

Methods

Using the Shizuoka Kokuho Database (SKDB) for the period from April 2012 to September 2021, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 1,465,353 participants, identifying GBM cases using specific Japanese disease codes in conjunction with associated treatments. Risk factors were assessed using both univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

Within the cohort, 182 participants (0.012%) received a GBM diagnosis during the study period, resulting in an incidence rate of 2.1 per 100,000 person-years. The multivariable analysis revealed that older age, male sex, and peripheral vascular disease (PVD) significantly influenced the risk of GBM onset. No clear link was found between allergic conditions and GBM risk, in contrast to some previous research.

Conclusion

Employing a robust health insurance database, this study revealed significant associations between GBM and factors such as age, male sex, and PVD within the Japanese population. It provides key insights into GBM epidemiology and underscores the potential of health insurance databases for large-scale oncological research.

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Data availability

Based on a data use agreement with the regional insurers in Shizuoka Prefecture, we are unable to make the analytical data accessible to readers.

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Funding

The Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health conducts contract research projects on public health in Shizuoka Prefecture, receiving funding from the Prefecture, including for the present study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Public Health, Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, 4-27-2 Kitaando, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, 420-0881, Japan

    Akinori Miyakoshi, Nanako Ubukata, Hiromu Miyake, Aya Shoji-Asahina, Hisashi Dote, Emi Ohata, Daito Funaki, Yoshikazu Ichikawa, Yutaro Imaichi, Michiko Oshima & Eiji Nakatani

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan

    Akinori Miyakoshi

  3. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan

    Philip Hawke

Authors
  1. Akinori Miyakoshi
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  2. Nanako Ubukata
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  3. Hiromu Miyake
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  4. Aya Shoji-Asahina
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  5. Hisashi Dote
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  6. Emi Ohata
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  8. Yoshikazu Ichikawa
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  9. Yutaro Imaichi
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  10. Michiko Oshima
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  11. Philip Hawke
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  12. Eiji Nakatani
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by A.M., N.U., and H.M. The first draft of the manuscript was written by A.M., and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Eiji Nakatani.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

The data of all enrollees were anonymized by the Shizuoka National Health Insurance Organization to protect participant confidentiality. This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health (#SGUPH_2021_001_047).

Consent to participate

Because of the anonymous nature of the data, the requirement for informed consent was waived.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Miyakoshi, A., Ubukata, N., Miyake, H. et al. Risk factors for glioblastoma in adults in Japan: an exploratory cohort study based on the Shizuoka Kokuho Database, the Shizuoka study. J Neurooncol 166, 341–349 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-024-04566-w

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