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Estimating the annual frequency of synchronous brain metastasis in the United States 2010–2013: a population-based study

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Abstract

Brain metastases (BM) are one of the most common types of brain tumors and are a relatively common event in the disease process for several high-incidence cancer types, including breast and lung cancers. Historically, information on metastases including BM have not been collected as part of national cancer registration in the US, but BM at time of primary cancer diagnosis (SBM), is now collected by the National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) system. Using data from 18 SEER registries from 2010 to 2013, we assessed the frequency of SBM at time of primary diagnosis in the US by site, histology group, sex, race, age, and insurance status. There were 1,634,954 total primary cancer cases in SEER from 2010 to 2013, 1.7% of which presented with SBM. The cancer type with the highest proportion of SBM was lung cancer (10.8% of cases with SBM), followed by esophageal (1.5%), kidney (1.4%), and melanoma (1.2%). SBM varied by age, sex, race, and insurance status for most histologies. Our results reflect the high proportion of patients who are diagnosed with lung cancer at late stages and present with SBM, in contrast to other common cancers in the US where SBM is less common. Demographic variation in molecular subtype and risk behavior may influence variation in SBM. BM is a relatively common event in late stage cancer and cause significant morbidity and mortality, and assessment of accurate population-based data is critical to estimate total disease burden.

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Funding

Funding for CBTRUS was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) under Contract No. 200-2016-M-90304, The Sontag Foundation, Genentech, Novocure, Celldex, AbbVie, along with the Musella Foundation, Voices Against Cancer, and the Zelda Dorin Tetenbaum Memorial Fund, as well as private and in kind donations. Contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the CDC.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 OH-44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA

    Courtney Kromer

  2. Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA

    Jordan Xu

  3. Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106-50, USA

    Quinn T. Ostrom, Haley Gittleman & Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan

  4. Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, 244 East Ogden Ave. #116, Hinsdale, IL, 60521, USA

    Quinn T. Ostrom, Haley Gittleman, Carol Kruchko & Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan

  5. Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

    Raymond Sawaya

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  1. Courtney Kromer
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Correspondence to Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at University Hospitals Case Medical Center. For this type of study, formal consent was not required.

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This was a retrospective study using de-identified national cancer registries. Thus, formal consent was not required.

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Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 76 KB)

11060_2017_2516_MOESM2_ESM.png

Supplementary Figure 1. Type of Evaluation of any metastases by AJCC criteria for patients with SBM by A) site, B) lung cancer, and C) breast cancer subtype (Online Only) (PNG 40 KB)

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Kromer, C., Xu, J., Ostrom, Q.T. et al. Estimating the annual frequency of synchronous brain metastasis in the United States 2010–2013: a population-based study. J Neurooncol 134, 55–64 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-017-2516-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-017-2516-7

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