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Potential paradigm of proteins and polypeptides-based nanostructures in drug delivery and management of maladies: a review

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Abstract

The current review aims to uphold all the attributes of protein-based nanostructures and their applications in therapeutics. Nanostructures have successfully revolutionized the era of novel drug delivery systems. Owing to the paramount advantages of nanoscale preparations, they have gained importance exponentially in recent years. Among the varied range of nanostructures, protein-based nanostructures have acquired a predominant orientation. Being a natural biomolecule, proteins have zero levels of toxicity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. The present scenario states that the fourth generation of nanomedicines is being formulated which implements biomolecule nano-vectors that can exhibit the virtues of target specificity, multifunctionality, and stimuli-responsiveness. By virtue of possessing these attributes, apart from being able to partake in complex supramolecular assemblage, proteins have proven to be the best approach in the development of nanoscale structures. The review studies the supremacy of various protein-based nanoparticles over other nanostructures, their mode of preparation, efficacious delivery of a plethora of drugs, and their implementation in the field of nanomedicines along with various characterization techniques. As our insightfulness of protein-based nanoparticles expands, they grip boundless potential for revolutionizing drug delivery and renovating the treatment scenario for a widespread range of disorders.

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Abbreviations

ATF:

Activating tumor factor

ATRP:

Atom transfer radical polymerization

BLG:

β-Lactoglobulin

BLG-NCA:

Alpha Benzyl-L-glutamate-N-carboxyanhydride

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

CD8 + :

Cluster of differentiation 8

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

EDC:

1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide

ELP:

Elastin-like polypeptides

EPR:

Enhanced permeability and retention

Fbg:

Fibrinogen

FKBP12:

FK Binding protein 12

GLUT4:

Glucose transporter type 4

GT:

Gantrez® AN-thiamine conjugate

H ferritin:

Heavy ferritin

HEPT:

HA-EDA-PASP-Tyr

HFLS-RA:

Human fibroblast–like synoviocyte-rheumatoid arthritis

HFLS-OA:

Human fibroblast–like synoviocyte-osteoarthritis

HSA:

Human serum albumin

IC50 :

Half-maximal inhibitory concentration

IFN-γ:

Interferon gamma

IgGs:

Immunoglobulin G

IL-4:

Interleukin-4

MCT:

Microcrystalline tyrosine

mPEG:

Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)

Nab:

Nanoparticle albumin-bound

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PhENP:

PEGylated human α-elastin nanoparticle

PLG:

Poly(glutamic acid)

PLL:

Poly(α-L Lysine)

SA:

Sialic acid

SDF1:

Stromal cell-derived factor 1

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

TRAP:

Thrombospondin-related adhesive protein

VLP:

Virus-like protein

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge assistance from the Principal, Vice Principal, and Management of Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology & Allied Health Sciences, West Bengal, India, and from the Director, School of Pharmacy, Techno India University, West Bengal, India for imparting help and support in completion of this review.

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  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, Barasat, 700125, West Bengal, India

    Shayeri Chatterjee Ganguly

  2. School of Pharmacy, Techno India, University, Salt Lake, Sector V, Kolkata, 700091, West Bengal, India

    Shayeri Chatterjee Ganguly & Beduin Mahanti

  3. TCG Lifesciences, Pvt. Ltd. Sector V, Kolkata, 700091, West Bengal, India

    Soumya Ganguly

  4. Department of Pharmaceutics, Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Allied Health Sciences, Uluberia, Howrah, 711316, West Bengal, India

    Subhabrota Majumdar

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Ganguly, S.C., Mahanti, B., Ganguly, S. et al. Potential paradigm of proteins and polypeptides-based nanostructures in drug delivery and management of maladies: a review. J Nanopart Res 26, 65 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-024-05978-5

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