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Novel aptamer-linked nanoconjugate approach for detection of waterborne bacterial pathogens: an update

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Abstract

The lack of microbiologically safe water in underdeveloped nations is the prime cause of infectious disease outbreaks. The need for the specific identification and detection of microorganisms encourages the development of advanced, rapid, sensitive and highly specific methods for the monitoring of pathogens and management of potential risk to human health. The rapid molecular assays based on detection of specific molecular signatures offer advantages over conventional methods in terms of specificity and sensitivity but require complex instrumentation and skilled personnel. Nanotechnology is an emerging area and provides a robust approach for the identification of pathogenic microorganism utilizing the peculiar properties of nanomaterials, i.e. small size (1–100 nm) and large surface area. This emerging technology promises to fulfill the urgent need of a novel strategy to enhance the bacterial identification and quantitation in the environment. In this context, the peculiar properties of gold nanoparticles, their plasmonic shifts, and changes in magnetic properties have been utilized for the simple and cost-effective detection of bacterial nucleic acids, antigens and toxins with quite improved sensitivity. One of the promising leads to develop an advance detection method might be the coupling of nucleic acid aptamers (capable of interacting specifically with bacteria, protozoa, and viruses) with nanomaterials. Such aptamer-nano conjugate can be used for the specific recognition of infectious agents in different environmental matrices. This review summarizes the application of nanotechnology in the area of pathogen detection and discusses the prospects of coupling nucleic acid aptamers with nanoparticles for the specific detection of targeted pathogens.

Pathogen detection: culture plate to aptamer nanotechnology

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Acknowledgements

Financial support provided by the Durban University of Technology and the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation of South Africa is sincerely acknowledged. The sincere assistance from Mr. Julian T. Arran for valuable suggestions in editing this manuscript is acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology (IWWT), Durban University of Technology, PO Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa

    Gulshan Singh, Anthony Ayodeji Adegoke & Thor Axel Stenström

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India

    Murli Manohar

  3. Division of Biological & Life Sciences, School of Arts & Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India

    Rishi Shanker

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  1. Gulshan Singh
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Singh, G., Manohar, M., Adegoke, A.A. et al. Novel aptamer-linked nanoconjugate approach for detection of waterborne bacterial pathogens: an update. J Nanopart Res 19, 4 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-016-3688-3

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