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NMR relaxometric properties and cytotoxicity of Gd2O3 nanoparticle suspensions in an organic liquid

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Abstract

Gd2O3 nanoparticles and their agglomerates from approximately 10 to 80 nm in size suspended in an organic liquid were synthesized via polyol route. The reaction between diethylene glycol and added acetic acid, which occurred simultaneously with the synthesis of Gd2O3 nanoparticles, was catalyzed by sodium bisulfate to transform as much as possible diethylene glycol in corresponding ester at the end of complete reaction. The produced nanosized material of gadolinium oxide was investigated by TEM, DLS, FTIR spectroscopy, and NMR relaxometry. Biological evaluation of this material was done by MTT and crystal violet assays to determine the cell viability. Longitudinal and transverse relaxivities of water-diluted Gd2O3 nanoparticle suspensions estimated to be r 1 = 13.6 and r 2 = 14.7 s−1 mM−1 are about three times higher compared to the relaxivities obtained for standard contrast agent Gd-DTPA (Magnevist). Good MRI signal intensities of the water-diluted Gd2O3 nanoparticle suspensions were recorded in the Gd concentration range 0.2–0.3 mM for which the suspensions were not toxic exhibiting simultaneously higher signal intensities than those for Magnevist in the Gd concentration range 0.4–1 mM for which this standard contrast agent was not toxic. These properties make the produced Gd2O3 nanoparticle material promising for potential application as MRI contrast agent.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support for this study was granted by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, Projects Nos. 172026 and 41025. The authors would like to thank Mr Lazar Lazić and PANACEA Polyclinic in Belgrade for MR imaging experiments on a 1.5 T Siemens scanner.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, PO Box 522, 11001, Belgrade, Serbia

    Branka Babić-Stojić, Vukoman Jokanović & Dušan Milivojević

  2. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia

    Miroslav Požek

  3. Institute of Mathematics, Physics and Mechanics, Jadranska 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Zvonko Jagličić

  4. Department for Materials Synthesis, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Darko Makovec

  5. School of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

    Katarina Arsikin & Verica Paunović

Authors
  1. Branka Babić-Stojić
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  2. Vukoman Jokanović
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  3. Dušan Milivojević
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  4. Miroslav Požek
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  5. Zvonko Jagličić
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  7. Katarina Arsikin
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  8. Verica Paunović
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Correspondence to Branka Babić-Stojić.

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Babić-Stojić, B., Jokanović, V., Milivojević, D. et al. NMR relaxometric properties and cytotoxicity of Gd2O3 nanoparticle suspensions in an organic liquid. J Nanopart Res 16, 2663 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-014-2663-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-014-2663-0

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