Abstract
We report an efficient process for preparing monodisperse SiO2@Y0.95Eu0.05VO4 core–shell phosphors using a simple citrate sol–gel method and without the use of surface-coupling silane agents or large stabilizers. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were used to characterize the resulting SiO2@Y0.95Eu0.05VO4 core–shell phosphors. The XRD results demonstrate that the Y0.95Eu0.05VO4 particles crystallization on the surface of SiO2 annealing at 800 °C is perfectly and the crystallinity increases with raising the annealing temperature. The obtained core–shell phosphors have a near perfect spherical shape with narrow size distribution (average size ca. 500 nm and an average thickness of ~50 nm), are not agglomerated, and have a smooth surface. The thickness of the YVO4:Eu3+ shells on the SiO2 cores could be easily tailored by changing the mass ratio of shell to core (W = [YVO4]/[SiO2]) (~50 nm for W = 30%). The Eu3+ shows a strong PL luminescence (dominated by 5D0 − 7F2 red emission at 618 nm) under the excitation of 320 nm UV light. The PL intensity of Eu3+ increases with increasing the annealing temperature and the values of W.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Berndt I, Pedersen JS, Richtering W (2006) Temperature-sensitive core–shell microgel particles with dense shell. Angew Chem Int Ed 45:1737–1741. doi:10.1002/anie.200503888
Blasse G, Grabmaier BC (1994) Luminescent materials. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, p 41
Brecher C, Samelson H, Lempicik A, Riley R, Peters T (1967) Polarized spectra and crystal-field parameters of Eu in YVO4. Phys Rev 155:178. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.155.178
Chen YJ, Zhu CL, Wang TH (2006) Reduced-temperature ethanol sensing characteristics of flower-like ZnO nanorods synthesized by a sonochemical method. Nanotechnology 17:4537–4541. doi:10.1088/0957-4484/17/18/002
Erdei S, Schlecht R, Ravichandran D (1999) Hydrolyzed colloid reaction (HCR) technique for phosphor powder preparation. Displays 19:173–178. doi:10.1016/S0141-9382(98)00047-X
Fujii T, Kodaira K, Kawauchi O, Tanaka N, Yamashita H, Anpo M (1997) Photochromic behavior in the fluorescence spectra of 9-anthrol encapsulated in Si−Al glasses. J Phys Chem B 101:10631–10637. doi:10.1021/jp971540u
Hall SR, Davis SA, Mann S (2000) Cocondensation of organosilica hybrid shells on nanoparticle templates: a direct synthetic route. Langmuir 16:1454–1456. doi:10.1021/la9909143
Huignard A, Gacoin T, Boilot JP (2000) Synthesis and luminescence properties of colloidal YVO4:Eu phosphors. Chem Mater 12:1090–1094. doi:10.1021/cm990722t
Huignard A, Buissette V, Laurent G, Gacoin T, Boilot JP (2002) Synthesis and characterizations of YVO4:Eu colloids. Chem Mater 14:2264–2269. doi:10.1021/cm011263a
Iler RK (1959) US Patent. No. 2808815, 250
Jang J, Nam Y, Yoon H (2005) Tunable magnetic arrangement of iron oxide nanoparticles in situ synthesized on the solid substrate. Adv Mater 17:1382–1386. doi:10.1002/adma.200401841
Kang WY, Park JS, Kim DK, Suh KS (2001) Silica spheres coated with YVO4:Eu3+ layers via sol–gel process. Bull Korean Chem Soc 22:921–927
Kompe K, Borchert H, Storz J, Lobo A, Adam S, Moller T, Haase M (2003) Synthesis and characterization of high-quality ZnS, ZnS:Mn2+, and ZnS:Mn2+/ZnS (core/shell). Angew Chem Int Ed 42:5513–5516. doi:10.1002/anie.200351943
Kong DY, Yu M, Lin CK, Liu XM, Lin J, Fang J (2005) Sol–gel synthesis of ZnSiO:Mn@ SiO2 spherical core–shell particles. J Electrochem Soc 9:152–156
Krassimir PV, Blaaderen AV (2001) Efficient photocatalytic degradation of environmental pollutants with mass-produced ZnS nanocrystals. Langmuir 17:4779. doi:10.1021/la0101548 252
Lawrie GA, Battersby BJ, Trau M (2003) Synthesis of optically complex core–shell colloidal suspensions: pathways to multiplexed biological. Adv Funct Mater 13:887–896. doi:10.1002/adfm.200304390
Lee IS, Lee N, Park J, Kim BH, Yi YW, Kim T, Kim TK, Lee IH, Paik SR, Hyeon T (2006) Ni/NiO core/shell nanoparticles for selective binding and magnetic separation of histidine-tagged. J Am Chem Soc 128:10658–10659. doi:10.1021/ja063177n
Levine AK, Palilla FC (1964) Size-and shape-tailored hydrothermal synthesis of YVO4 crystals in ultra-wide pH range conditions. Appl Phys Lett 5:118. doi:10.1063/1.1723611
Lin CK, Kong DY, Liu XM, Wang H, Yu M, Lin J (2007) Monodisperse and core−shell-structured SiO2@ YBO3:Eu3+ spherical particles. Inorg Chem 46:2674–2681. doi:10.1021/ic062318j
Liu GX, Hong GY (2005) Synthesis of SiO2/Y2O3: Eu core–shell materials and hollow spheres. J Alloy Compd 178:1647–1651
Newport A, Silver J, Vecht A (2000) The synthesis of fine particle yttrium vanadate phosphors from spherical power precursors using urea precipitation. J Electro Chem Sci 944:3144–3947
Nien YT, Hwang KH, Chen IG, Yu K (2008) Photoluminescence enhancement of ZnS:Mn nanoparticles by SiO2 coating. J Alloy Compd 455:519–523
Ohmori M, Matijevic E (1992) Preparation and properties of uniform coated colloidal particles. VII. Silica on hematite. J Colloid Interface Sci 251:150594
Riwotzki K, Haase M (1998) Wet-chemical synthesis of doped colloidal nanoparticles: YVO4:Ln (Ln = Eu, Sm, Dy). J Phys Chem B 102:10129–10135. doi:10.1021/jp982293c
Riwotzki K, Haase M (2001) Colloidal YVO4:Eu and YP0.95V0.05O4:Eu nanoparticles: luminescence and energy transfer processes. J Phys Chem B 105:12709–12713. doi:10.1021/jp0113735
Ryan JN, Elimelech M, Baeseman JL, Magelky RD (2000) Silica-coated titania and zirconia colloids for subsurface transport field experiments. Environ Sci Technol 34:2000–2005. doi:10.1021/es9909531
Schuetzand P, Caruso F (2002) Fabrication and optical properties of core–shell structured spherical SiO2@ GdVO4:Eu3+ phosphors. Chem Mater 14:4509. doi:10.1021/cm0212257
Shen WY, Pang ML, Lin J, Fang JY (2005) Host-sensitized luminescence of Dy in nanocrystalline β-GaO prepared by a Pechini-type sol–gel. J Electrochem Soc 152:1125–1129. doi:10.1149/1.1847674
Sondi I, Fedynyshyn TH, Sinta R, Matijevic E (2000) Encapsulation of nanosized silica by in situ polymerization of tert-butyl acrylate monomer. Langmuir 16:9031–9036. doi:10.1021/la000618m
Stöber W, Fink A, Bohn E (1968) Controlled growth of monodisperse silica spheres in the micron size range. J Colloid Interface Sci 26:62–69. doi:10.1016/0021-9797(68)90272-5
Teng F, Tian ZJ, Xiong GX, Xu ZS (2004) Effect of Rh loading on the performance of Rh/Al2O3 for methane partial oxidation. Catal Today 93–95:651–657. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2004.06.125
Vecht A, Gibbons C, Davies D, Jing X, Marsh P, Ireland T, Silver J, Newport A, Barber D (1999) Engineering phosphors for field emission displays. J Vac Sci Technol B 17:750–757. doi:10.1116/1.590633
Wang DS, He JB, Rosenzweig N, Rosenzweig Z (2004) Templated synthesis of highly ordered mesostructured nanowires and nanowire arrays. Nano Lett 4:2337–2342. doi:10.1021/nl048653r
Wang H, Lin CK, Liu XM, Lin J (2005) Monodisperse spherical core–shell-structured phosphors obtained by functionalization of silica. Appl Phys Lett 187:181907. doi:10.1063/1.2123382
Wu X, Tao Y, Song C, Mao C, Dong L, Zhu J (2006) Morphological control and luminescent properties of YVO4:Eu nanocrystals. J Phys Chem B 110:15791–15796. doi:10.1021/jp060527j
Wyckoff RWG (1964) Crystal structure. Interscience, New York
Xia HL, Tang FQ (2003) Surface synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles on silica spheres: preparation and characterization. J Phys Chem B 107:9175–9178. doi:10.1021/jp0261511
Yu M, Lin J, Fang J (2005) Silica spheres coated with YVO4:Eu3+ layers via sol–gel process: a simple method to obtain. Phys Lett 17:1783–1791
Zimmer JP, Kim SW, Ohnishi S, Tanaka E, Frangioni JV, Bawendi MG (2006) Size series of small indium arsenide−zinc selenide core−shell nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 128:2526–2527. doi:10.1021/ja0579816
Acknowledgments
This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bao, A., Lai, H., Yang, Y. et al. Luminescent properties of YVO4:Eu/SiO2 core–shell composite particles. J Nanopart Res 12, 635–643 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-009-9633-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-009-9633-y