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Reduplicative form and the Root-Affix Asymmetry*

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Abstract

Lushootseed (Central Salish) has three reduplicative morphemes, CVC-‘distributive’, CV-‘diminutive’ and -VC ‘out-of-control’. A straightforward analysis of this system can be provided in McCarthy and Prince’s (1994a, 1999) Generalized Template Theory (GTT), in which the shape of reduplicative morphemes is derived by general constraints on the phonological properties of morphological categories. In Lushootseed, roots tend to permit codas and stressed schwa, while affixes avoid both. The differences between the three Lushootseed reduplicants follow from the assumptions that the CVC-reduplicative morpheme is a root, while CV- and -VC are affixes. In addition to confirming the central tenets of GTT, this study uncovers a markedness implication for reduplication: if a language has unmarked root reduplicants it will also have unmarked affix reduplicants.

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  1. Department of Linguistics, University of Victoria, PO Box 3045 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 3P4, Canada

    Suzanne Urbanczyk

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*I am grateful to many people for helpful comments, suggestions, skepticism, and support through the various phases of this research including John Alderete, Emmon Bach, Dawn Bates, Laura Benua, Ellen Broselow, Barry Carlson, Laura Downing, Maria Gouskova, Thom Hess, Junko Itô, Armin Mester, Nike Ola-Nike, Jaye Padgett, Joe Pater, Alan Prince, Doug Pulleyblank, Leslie Saxon, Lisa Selkirk, Kimary Shahin, Pat Shaw, Philip Spaelti, and Rex Wallace, as well as audiences at the Universities of British Columbia, Victoria, Calgary, Alberta, Washington, Massachusetts, the University of California, Irvine, and NELS 24. I would like to extend a special thanks to Ewa Czaykowska-Higgins for helpful comments and suggestions on an earlier draft. I am particularly grateful to John McCarthy, for his generous feedback, advice, and critical acumen, which fed this research in its initial stages. I am also grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their comments and criticisms, which have also helped in the metamorphosis, and especially to Ellen Broselow for her patient and precise editorial input. Despite the guidance I’ve had, errors and omissions remain. This research was supported in part by SSHRCC doctoral and post-doctoral fellowships, and an NSF grant SBR-9420424 awarded to John McCarthy.

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Urbanczyk, S. Reduplicative form and the Root-Affix Asymmetry*. Nat Lang Linguist Theory 24, 179–240 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11049-005-4373-x

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