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Separable reversible data hiding in homomorphic encrypted domain using POB number system

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Abstract

In this paper, a novel separable reversible data hiding in homomorphic encrypted images (RDHEI) using POB number system is proposed. The frame of the proposed RDHEI includes three parties: content owner, data hider, and receiver. The content owner divides original image contents into a series of non-overlapping equal-size 2 × 2 blocks, and encrypts all pixels in each block with the same key. The encryption process is carried out in an additive homomorphism manner. The data hider divides the encrypted images into the same size blocks as the encryption phase, and further categories all of the obtained blocks into two sets according to the corresponding block entropy. The embedding processes of the two sets are performed through utilizing permutation ordered binary (POB) number system. For the set with smaller entropies, all pixels in addition to the first pixel in each block are compressed by the POB number system; for the set with larger entropies, only u LSBs of all pixels are compressed in order to vacate room for embedding. The receiver can conduct image decryption, data extraction, and image reconstruction in a separable manner. Experimental results verify the superiority of the proposed method.

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Acknowledgment

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61370195) and the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U1536121).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Beijing Key Lab of Intelligent Telecommunication Software and Multimedia, School of Computer, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China

    Hua Ren & Shaozhang Niu

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  1. Hua Ren
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  2. Shaozhang Niu
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Correspondence to Shaozhang Niu.

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Ren, H., Niu, S. Separable reversible data hiding in homomorphic encrypted domain using POB number system. Multimed Tools Appl 81, 2161–2187 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-11341-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-11341-w

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