Skip to main content
Log in

Rapid Method for Determining Boundaries of Former Austenite Grains in Bainitic-Martensitic Steels from Local Orientations of Structural Transformations

  • Published:
Metal Science and Heat Treatment Aims and scope

A method for rapid determination of former austenite grains in bainitic-martensitic steels employing standard software for processing the results of mapping of crystallographic orientations obtained by electron back-scatter diffraction analysis in a scanning electron microscope is proposed. The method is verified for orientations of retained austenite in steel 09KhN2MD.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. S. V. Korotvskaya, V. V. Orlov, and E. I. Khlusova, “Methods for forming ultrafine grained and submicrocrystalline structure of ferrite-bainite steel,” Proizvod. Prokata, No. 10, 6 – 16 (2013).

  2. A. A. Zisman, T. V. Soshina, and E. I. Khlusova, “Revelation of a previous austenite grain and analysis of metadynamic recrystallization kinetics for austenite of low-carbon steels under hot rolling conditions,” Pis’ma Mater., 2(1), 3 – 8 (2012).

    Google Scholar 

  3. A. I. Fernandez, P. Uranga, B. Lopez, and J. M. Rodrigez-Ilabe, “Dynamic recrystallization behavior covering a wide austenite grain size range in Nb and Nb – Ti microalloyed steels,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 316, 367 – 376 (2003).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. V. M. Schastlivtsev, T. I. Tabatchikova, I. L. Yakovleva, et al., “Effect of austenite grain size and degree of deformation on steel structure formation of strength class K60,” Vopr. Materialoved., No. 4-68, 27 – 35 (2011).

  5. E. V. Nesterova, N. Yu. Zolotarevskii, Yu. F. Titovets, and E. I. Khlusova, “Study of misorientation and model for forming a bainite structure in low-carbon steel under the effect of strain induced austenite,” Vopr. Materialoved., No. 4-68, 17 – 26 (2011).

  6. J. Reiter, C. Bernard, and H. Presslinger, “Austenite grain size in the continuous casting process: metallographic methods and evaluation,” Mater. Charact., 59, 737 – 746 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. C. Ñayron, B. Artaud, and L. Briottet, “Reconstruction of parent grains from EBSD data,” Mater. Charact., 57, 386 – 401 (2006).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. V. Òari, A. D. Rollett, and H. Beladib, “Back calculation of parent austenite orientation using a clustering approach,” J. Appl. Crystallogr., 46, 210 – 215 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. M. Abbasi, T. W. Nelson, C. D. Sorensen, and L. Wei, “An approach to prior austenite reconstruction,” Mater. Charact., 66, 1 – 8 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. G Miyamoto, N. Iwata, N. Takayama, and T. Furuhara, “Mapping the parent austenite orientation reconstructed from the orientation of martensite by EBSD and its application to ausformed martensite,” Acta Mater., 58, 6393 – 6403 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. L. Germain, N, Gey, R. Mercier, et al., “An advanced approach to reconstructing parent orientation maps in the case of approximate orientation relations: application to steels,” Acta Mater., 60, 4551 – 4562 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. N. Bernier, L. Bracke, L. Malet, and S. Godet, “An alternative to the crystallographic reconstruction of austenite in steels,” Mater. Charact., 89, 23 – 32 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. E. Pereloma and D. V. Edmonds (eds.), Phase Transformations in Steels. Vol. 2: Diffusionless Transformations, High Strength Steels, Modeling and Advanced Analytical Techniques, Woodhead Publishing Limited, Philadelphia, USA (2012).

  14. N. Y. Zolotorevsky, S. N. Panpurin, A. A. Zisman, and S. N. Petrov, “Effect of ausforming and cooling condition on the orientation relationship in martensite and bainite of low carbon steels,” Mater. Charact., 107, 278 – 282 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. G. Miyamoto, N. Takayama, and T. Furuhara, “Accurate measurement of the orientation relationship of lath martensite and bainite by electron backscatter diffraction analysis,” Scr. Mater., 60, 1113 – 1116 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. T. Furuhara, H. Kawata, S. Morito, and T. Maki, “Crystallography of upper bainite in Fe – Ni – C alloys,” Mater. Sci. Eng., A431, 228 – 236 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. T. Furuhara, H. Kawata, S. Morito, et al., “Variant selection in grain boundary nucleation of upper bainite,” Metall. Mater. Trans., 39A, 1003 – 1013 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. N. Takayama, G. Miyamoto, and T. Furuhara, “Effects of transformation temperature on variant pairing of bainitic ferrite in low carbon steel,” Acta Mater., 60, 2387 – 2396 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. N. Yu. Zolotarevskii, AS. A. Zisman, S. N. Panpurin, et al., “Effect of grain size and deformed sub-structure of austenite on crystal geometric features of bainite and martensite of low-carbon steels,” Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 10, 39 – 48 (2013).

Download references

Experimental studies were conducted in equipment of the Center for Scientific Equipment Collective Usage “Composition, structure and properties of structural and functional materials” NITs Kurchatov Institute – TsNII KM “Prometey” with financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science within the scope of an agreement No. 14.595.21.0004, unique identifier RFMEF159517X0004.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. N. Petrov.

Additional information

Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 5, pp. 15 – 21, May, 2019.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Petrov, S.N., Ptashnik, A.V. Rapid Method for Determining Boundaries of Former Austenite Grains in Bainitic-Martensitic Steels from Local Orientations of Structural Transformations. Met Sci Heat Treat 61, 280–286 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11041-019-00417-y

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11041-019-00417-y

Key words

Navigation