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A model to evaluate interprofessional training effectiveness: feasibility and five-year outcomes of a multi-site prospective cohort study

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Abstract

Objectives

Assessing the impact of interdisciplinary training programs is highly desirable and needed. However, there are currently no established methods to prospectively assess long-term outcomes of trainees compared to individuals who did not receive training. Our objective was to test the feasibility of a longitudinal, prospective cohort design to evaluate training outcomes, and to use this method to evaluate Leadership Education in Neurodevelopmental Disabilities and Related Disorders (LEND) training outcomes.

Methods

LEND trainees were matched to comparison peers and followed annually for up to five years using a pre-existing outcomes survey. We assessed study feasibility using recruitment and retention data over five years. We then looked at preliminary efficacy of LEND training in LEND trainees compared to comparison peers using the pre-existing outcomes survey.

Results

Overall, 68.3% of eligible trainees participated in the Outcomes Study across five years, and 66.0% were matched to comparison peers. On average, 84.4% of LEND trainees and 79.9% of comparison peers completed the outcomes survey annually. Attrition was low at 0.9% for LEND trainees and 2.6% for comparison peers over five years. LEND training demonstrated preliminary efficacy in promoting leadership development: LEND trainees began their careers engaged in more leadership activities than comparison peers, and the rate of growth in their participation in leadership activities was greater.

Conclusions

The design used to assess outcomes is a feasible approach that can be widely used to assess training program outcomes. Analyses suggest that LEND training is efficacious in increasing involvement in leadership activities over time after graduation.

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Availability of Data and Code

De-identified data and code for analyses are available upon request from the first author.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Miya Asato, MD (Director, LEND Center of the University of Pittsburgh) and Amy Wentmore for their support of this research.

Funding

This study was supported in part by grants from the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Leadership Education in Neurodevelopmental and Related Disabilities Training Grants to the University of Wisconsin-Madison (T73MC00044), The Ohio State University (T73MC24481), and the University of Pittsburgh (T73MC00036); the Interdisciplinary Technical Assistance Center on Autism and Developmental Disabilities; the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U54HD090256); and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR002373; KL2TR002374; KL2TR000428). The contents are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of, nor an endorsement, by HRSA, HHS, of the U.S. Government.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States

    Lauren Bishop, Anne Bradford Harris & Kiley J. McLean

  2. Sandra Rosenbaum School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States

    Lauren Bishop & Kiley J. McLean

  3. Nisonger Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States

    Paula C. Rabidoux

  4. University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States

    Sarah F. Laughlin & Robert B. Noll

  5. UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States

    Sarah F. Laughlin

Authors
  1. Lauren Bishop
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  2. Anne Bradford Harris
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  3. Paula C. Rabidoux
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  4. Sarah F. Laughlin
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  5. Kiley J. McLean
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  6. Robert B. Noll
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Contributions

Dr. Bishop conceptualized and designed the study, drafted study manuals, cleaned and obtained data, carried out analyses, drafted the manuscript, and reviewed and revised the manuscript. Dr. Noll conceptualized and obtained initial funding for the broader Outcomes Study and served as the Pittsburgh site PI prior to retirement. Drs. Harris, Rabidoux, and Laughlin served as site PIs and participated in reviewing and revising the manuscript. Ms. McLean participated in reviewing and revising the manuscript. All authors approved the final manuscript as submitted and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lauren Bishop.

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Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

Ethics

This study was approved by institutional review boards at the University of Pittsburgh, The Ohio State University, and the University of Wisconsin-Madison. All participants provided informed consent.

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Bishop, L., Harris, A.B., Rabidoux, P.C. et al. A model to evaluate interprofessional training effectiveness: feasibility and five-year outcomes of a multi-site prospective cohort study. Matern Child Health J 26, 1622–1631 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-022-03421-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-022-03421-6

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