Skip to main content
Log in

Language Policy and Ehe Ecological Turn

  • Published:
Language Policy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Although the notion of language ecology has been both popular and productive as a way of understanding language and environment, drawing our attention to the ways in which languages are embedded in social, cultural, economic and physical ecologies, and operate in complex relations with each other, a critical exploration of the notion of language ecology points to the need to be very wary of the political consequences of biomorphic metaphors: the enumeration, objectification and biologisation of languages render them natural objects rather than cultural artefacts; linguistic diversity may be crucial to humans, but language diversity may not be its most important measure; and languages do not adapt to the world: they are part of human endeavours to create new worlds.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Daniel Abrams Steven Strogatz (2003) ArticleTitleModelling the dynamics of language death Nature 424 900

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephen Alter (1999) Darwin and the linguistic image: Language, race and natural theology in the nineteenth century The Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich Ammon (2000) Towards more fairness in international English: Linguistic rights of non-native speakers? Robert Phillipson (Eds) Rights to language: Equity, power and education Lawrence Erlbaum Mahwah, New Jersey 111–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Richard Bauman Charles Briggs (2003) Voices of modernity: Language ideologies and the politics of inequality Cambridge University Press Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Jill Bourne (1988) ArticleTitle‘Natural acquisition’ and a ‘masked pedagogy’ Applied Linguistics 9(1) 83–99

    Google Scholar 

  • James Crawford (1998) Endangered native American languages: what is to be done, and why Thomas Ricento Barbara Burnaby (Eds) Language and politics in the United States and Canada: Myths and realities Lawrence Erlbaum Mahwah, New Jersey 151–166

    Google Scholar 

  • John Edwards (2004) Language minorities Alan Davies Catherine Elder (Eds) The handbook of applied linguistics Blackwell Oxford 451–475

    Google Scholar 

  • Joseph Errington (2001) ArticleTitleColonial linguistics Annual Review of Anthropology 30 19–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Ethnologue. Retrieved from http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp on 23 August 2004.

  • Norman Fairclough (1995) Critical discourse analysis Longman London

    Google Scholar 

  • Mark Fettes (2003) Critical realism, ecological psychology, and imagined communities Jonathan Leather Jet van Dam (Eds) Ecology of language acquisition Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht 31–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Alwin Fill (2001) Ecolinguistics: State of the art 1998 Alwin Fill Peter Mühlhäusler (Eds) The ecolinguistics reader: Language, ecology and environment Continuum London 43–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Michael Halliday (2001) New ways of meaning: The challenge to applied linguistics Alwin Fill Peter Mühlhäusler (Eds) The ecolinguistics reader: Language, ecology and environment Continum London 175–202

    Google Scholar 

  • Halliday, Michael (2003). Applied linguistics as an evolving theme. Plenary address to the Association Internationale de Linguistique Appliqué, Singapore, December 2003.

  • Handsfield, Lara (2002). Teacher agency and double agents: Reconceptualizing linguistic genocide in education. Essay review of T. Skutnabb-Kangas (2000). Linguistic genocide in education--or worldwide diversity and human rights? Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum. Harvard Educational Review, 72 (4), 542--560.

  • Michael Hardt Antonio Negri (2000) Empire Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy Harris (1990) On redefining linguistics Hayley Davis Talbot Taylor (Eds) Redefining linguistics Routledge London 18–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy Harris (1998) Introduction to integrational linguistics Pergamon Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Douglas Kibbee (2003) Language policy and linguistic theory Jacques Maurais Michael Morris (Eds) Languages in a globalizing world Cambridge University Press Cambridge 47–57

    Google Scholar 

  • James Lantolf (2000) Sociocultural theory and second language learning Oxford University Press Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruno Latour (1999) Pandora’s hope: Essays on the reality of science studies. Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts

    Google Scholar 

  • Jonathan Leather Jet van Dam (2003) Towards and ecology of language acquisition Jonathan Leather Jet van Dam (Eds) Ecology of language acquisition Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht 1–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Luisa Maffi (2000a) Linguistic and biological diversity: The inextricable link Robert Phillipson (Eds) Rights to language: Equity, power and education Lawrence Erlbaum Mahwah, New Jersey 17–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Luisa Maffi (2000b) Language, knowledge and the environment: The interdependence of biological and cultural diversity Smithsonian Institute Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinfree Makoni (1998) In the beginning was the missionaries’ word: The European invention of an African language: The case of Shona in Zimbabwe Kwesi Kwaa Prah (Eds) Between distinction and extinction: The harmonisation and standardisation of African languages University of Witwatersrand Press Johannesburg 157–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephen May (2001) Language and minority rights: Ethnicity, nationalism and the politics of language Longman Harlow

    Google Scholar 

  • Salikoko Mufwene (2001) The ecology of language evolution Cambridge University Press Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Peter Mühlhäusler (1996) Linguistic ecology: Language change and linguistic imperialism in the Pacific region Routledge London

    Google Scholar 

  • Peter Mühlhäusler (2000) ArticleTitleLanguage planning and language ecology Current Issues in Language Planning 1(3) 306–367

    Google Scholar 

  • Peter Mühlhäusler (2001) Babel revisited Alwin Fill Peter Mühlhäusler (Eds) The ecolinguistics reader: Language, ecology and environment Continuum London 159–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Peter Mühlhäusler (2003) English as an exotic language Christian Mair (Eds) The politics of English as a world language: New horizons in postcolonial cultural studies Rodopi Amsterdam 67–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin Nakata (1999) History, cultural diversity and English language teaching Peter Wignell (Eds) Double power: English literacy and indigenous education NLLIA Canberra 5–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Daniel Nettle Suzanne Romaine (2000) Vanishing voices: The extinction of the world’s languages Oxford University Press Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Alastair Pennycook (2001) Critical applied linguistics: A critical introduction Lawrence Erlbaum Mahwah, New Jersey

    Google Scholar 

  • Pennycook, Alastair (in press). Postmodernism and language policy. In Thomas Ricento (Ed), The Blackwell handbook of language policy and planning. Oxford: Blackwell

  • Phillipson, Robert (2002). Review of Ulrich Ammon (Ed), The dominance of English as a language of science: Effects on other languages and language communities. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2001. Journal of Language, Identity and Education, 1 (2) 163--169

  • Thomas Ricento (2000) Historical and theoretical perspectives in language policy and planning Thomas Ricento (Eds) Ideology, politics and language policies: Focus on English John Benjamins Amsterdam 9–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Mary Schleppergrell (2001) What makes a grammar green? A reply to Goatly Alwin Fill Peter Mühlhäusler (Eds) The ecolinguistics reader: Language, ecology and environment Continuum London 226–228

    Google Scholar 

  • Barbara Seidlhofer (Eds) (2003) Controversies in applied linguistics Oxford University Press Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Tove Skutnabb-Kangas (2000) Linguistic genocide in education–or worldwide diversity and human rights? Mahwah Lawrence Erlbaum New Jersey

    Google Scholar 

  • Tove Skutnabb-Kangas (2003a) Linguistic diversity and biodiversity: The threat from killer languages Mair Christian (Eds) The politics of English as a world language: New horizons in postcolonial cultural studies Rodopi Amsterdam 31–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove (2003b). Can a “linguistic human rights approach” “deliver”? Reflections on complementarities, tensions and misconceptions in attempts at multidisciplinarities. Keynote paper at the International conference on Language, Education and Diversity, University of Waikato, Hamilton, Aotearoa/New Zealand, 26–29 November 2003

  • George Steiner (1975) After Babel Oxford University Press Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Michael Toolan (2003) An integrational linguistic view of coming into language Jonathan Leather Jet van Dam (Eds) Ecology of language acquisition Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht 123–139

    Google Scholar 

  • William Sutherland (2003) ArticleTitleParallel extinction risk and global distribution of languages Nature 423 276–279

    Google Scholar 

  • Glynn Williams (1992) Sociolinguistics: A sociological critique Routledge London

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alastair Pennycook.

Additional information

This is a revised version of ‘The perils of language ecology,’ a plenary paper given at the Language, Education and Diversity Conference in Waikato, NZ, in November 2003. A different version is due to be published in the conference proceedings, edited by Stephen May.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pennycook, A. Language Policy and Ehe Ecological Turn. Lang Policy 3, 213–239 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-004-3533-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-004-3533-x

Keywords

Navigation