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Habitat assessment for threatened species in the cross-border region of the Atlantic Forest

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Abstract

Context

In human-modified landscapes, identification and structural assessment of remaining habitat is required to mitigate habitat loss and fragmentation. In transboundary regions, this analysis must consider ecological limits, as they often do not coincide with sociopolitical boundaries.

Objectives

We aimed to quantify the cover, configuration, protection status, and spatial overlap of suitable habitats for 24 birds and mammals of conservation concern in the trinational region (Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay) of the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest.

Methods

Applying a multi-scale framework and the random forest algorithm, we built habitat suitability models considering presence-only data distributed across the Atlantic Forest biome and mapped the relative habitat suitability in the trinational region. We quantified habitat coverage and protection at country and regional scales. We also assessed the spatial configuration and overlap of forests predicted to be suitable for the target species.

Results

The total suitable habitat covered less than 17% of the study region for 20 of the 24 target species. On average, 40.9% of the suitable habitat can be found in Argentina, 30.5% in Brazil, and 28.6% in Paraguay. Only 2.4% of the entire study region is occupied by protected suitable habitat. Protected areas focused on biodiversity conservation showed greater relative coverage of suitable habitat than PAs allowing for multiple human uses. Suitable forests are highly fragmented, especially for threatened species. Nine species showed an average overlap of at least 70% of their suitable forest area in relation to that predicted for the other species.

Conclusions

The remaining habitat of the trinational region is unevenly distributed across countries, with low coverage, low protection, and high fragmentation. Species persistence will require cross-border collaboration to restore, expand, and connect the Upper Paraná forests, and our results provide important information to support this.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during the study are available from the corresponding author on request.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute’s Center for Conservation and Sustainability (NZCBI-CCS). This is contribution #71 of the CCS Latin American Biodiversity Programs.

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  1. Center for Conservation & Sustainability, Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, MRC 705, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA

    Milena Fiuza Diniz, María José Andrade-Núñez, Francisco Dallmeier & Ana María Sánchez-Cuervo

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  1. Milena Fiuza Diniz
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  2. María José Andrade-Núñez
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  3. Francisco Dallmeier
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  4. Ana María Sánchez-Cuervo
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by MFD. The first draft of the manuscript was written by MFD and MJA-N, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Milena Fiuza Diniz.

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Diniz, M.F., Andrade-Núñez, M.J., Dallmeier, F. et al. Habitat assessment for threatened species in the cross-border region of the Atlantic Forest. Landsc Ecol 38, 2241–2260 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-023-01689-9

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