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Comparative analysis on the forced and mixed convection in a hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching surface: a numerical analysis

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Abstract

Ag and Al2O3 nanoparticles in a water-based hybrid nanofluid flow on an elongating sheet have several potential applications, particularly in heat transfers, thermal engineering, and material science. Furthermore, enhanced heat transfer, improved cooling systems, heat exchangers, biomedical applications, solar energy systems, textile industries, and oil recovery are the other engineering and biomedical applications. These applications show how versatile and advantageous Ag and Al2O3 nanoparticles can be used in water-based hybrid nanofluids for a range of scientific and engineering applications, especially when it comes to heat transfer and fluid dynamics over the stretching surfaces with mixed convection phenomena. Therefore, in this effort, a comparative analysis of the forced convection and mixed convective flows of a hybrid nanofluid on a stretching sheet is portrayed. Two types of nanoparticles, which include Ag and Al2O3 nanoparticles, are mixed with water to obtain a hybrid nanofluid. The prime focus of this analysis is to examine the hybrid nanofluid flow under two different cases: mixed convection and forced convection. A magnetic field is imposed normal to the direction of flow. A numerical analysis is conducted by using the bvp4c approach. The data of the modeled problem are matched with earlier literature, which authenticates the correctness of the present model. Viscous dissipation, heat source, and Joule heating are employed in current work. The obtained results show that the impression of a magnetic factor on the x-direction velocity profile is more dominant for mixed convective factors than forced convection. However, in the case of y-direction velocity, the opposite impact of the magnetic factor is observed. The results of the rotation factor are more significant along x-direction velocity for forced convection, while this effect is reversed for y-direction velocity. By comparing the results obtained in the present analysis, the impacts of embedded factors on the thermal distribution are more significant and streamlines are closer for forced convection matched to mixed convection.

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All data used in this manuscript have been presented within the article.

Abbreviations

A :

Constant \(\left( - \right)\)

\(B_{0}\) :

Strength of magnetic field \(\left( {{\text{kg}}\;{\text{s}}^{ - 1} \;{\text{A}}^{ - 1} } \right)\)

\(C_{{\text{p}}}\) :

Specific heat \(\left( {{\text{J}}\;{\text{kg}}^{ - 1} \;{\text{K}}^{ - 1} } \right)\)

\(g\) :

Gravitational acceleration \(\left( {{\text{m}}^{2} \;{\text{s}}^{ - 1} } \right)\)

\(h_{{\text{f}}}\) :

Heat transfer coefficient \(\left( {{\text{W}}\;{\text{m}}^{ - 1} \;{\text{K}}^{ - 1} } \right)\)

\(k\) :

Thermal conductivity \(\left( {{\text{W}}\;{\text{m}}^{ - 1} \;{\text{K}}^{ - 1} } \right)\)

\(Q\) :

Heat source coefficient \(\left( {{\text{W}}\;{\text{m}}^{ - 3} \;{\text{K}}^{ - 1} } \right)\)

\(T_{{\text{f}}}\) :

Working fluid temperature \(\left( {\text{K}} \right)\)

\(T_{{\text{w}}}\) :

Surface temperature \(\left( {\text{K}} \right)\)

\(T_{\infty }\) :

Free-stream temperature \(\left( {\text{K}} \right)\)

\(u_{{\text{w}}}\) :

Stretching velocity \(\left( {{\text{m}}\;{\text{s}}^{ - 1} } \right)\)

u, v, w :

Velocity components \(\left( {{\text{m}}\;{\text{s}}^{ - 1} } \right)\)

x, y, z :

Coordinates \(\left( {\text{m}} \right)\)

\(\mho \) :

Angular velocity \(\left( {{\text{s}}^{ - 1} } \right)\)

\(\mu\) :

Dynamic viscosity \(\left( {{\text{kg}}\;{\text{m}}^{ - 1} \;{\text{s}}^{ - 1} } \right)\)

\(\rho\) :

Density \(\left( {{\text{kg}}\;{\text{m}}^{ - 3} } \right)\)

\(\beta_{{\text{T}}}\) :

Thermal expansion \(\left( {{\text{K}}^{ - 1} } \right)\)

\(\sigma\) :

Electrical conductivity \(\left( {\Omega \;{\text{m}}^{ - 1} } \right)\)

\(\varphi_{1}\), \(\varphi_{2}\) :

Volume fraction of 1st and 2nd nanoparticles

\(\nu_{{\text{f}}}\) :

Kinematic viscosity \(\left( {{\text{m}}^{2} \;{\text{s}}^{ - 1} } \right)\)

\({\text{Bi}}\) :

Thermal Biot number \(\left( - \right)\)

\({\text{Ec}}\) :

Eckert number \(\left( - \right)\)

\(H_{{\text{S}}}\) :

Heat source factor \(\left( - \right)\)

\(M\) :

Magnetic factor \(\left( - \right)\)

\(\Pr\) :

Prandtl number \(\left( - \right)\)

\({\text{Ri}}\) :

Richardson number \(\left( - \right)\)

\(\gamma\) :

Rotation factor \(\left( - \right)\)

Ag:

Silver nanoparticles

Al2O3 :

Alumina nanoparticles

\({\text{f}}\) :

Fluid

\({\text{nf}}\) :

Nanofluid

\({\text{hnf}}\) :

Hybrid nanofluid

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

    Ebrahem A. Algehyne & Fahad Maqbul Alamrani

  2. Nanotechnology Research Unit (NRU), University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

    Ebrahem A. Algehyne

  3. College of Engineering, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates

    Hussam Alrabaiah

  4. Mathematics Department, Tafila Technical University, Tafila, Jordan

    Hussam Alrabaiah

  5. Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Theoretical Studies, Saudi Electronic University, 11673, Jeddah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Showkat Ahmad Lone

  6. Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year General Administration, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, 31982, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

    Humaira Yasmin

  7. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, 31982, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

    Humaira Yasmin

  8. Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan

    Anwar Saeed

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  1. Ebrahem A. Algehyne
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Contributions

Conceptualization, A.S. and H.Y.; methodology, H.A.; software, A.S.; E.A.A.; validation, F.M.A., H.A. and S.A.L.; formal analysis, E.A.A. and F.M.A.; investigation, H.A. and A.S.; writing—original draft preparation, F.M.A. and S.A.L.; writing—review and editing, H.Y. and S.A.L.; visualization, H.Y. and E.A.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Algehyne, E.A., Alamrani, F.M., Alrabaiah, H. et al. Comparative analysis on the forced and mixed convection in a hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching surface: a numerical analysis. J Therm Anal Calorim (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-024-13178-5

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