Abstract
Grewia gum is a naturally occurring polysaccharide which has potential as a pharmaceutical excipient. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy techniques were used to examine the thermal and molecular behaviours, respectively, of mixtures of grewia gum with cimetidine, ibuprofen or standard excipients, to assess potential interactions. No disappearance or broadening of the melting endotherm was seen with cimetidine or ibuprofen. Similarly, there was no interaction between grewia gum and the standard excipients tested. The results obtained using thermal analyses were supported by FT-IR analysis of the material mixtures. Grewia gum is an inert natural polymer which can be used alone or in combination with other excipients in the formulation of pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Wang Q, Cui SW. Understanding the physical properties of food polysaccharides. In: Cui SW, editor. Food carbohydrates: chemistry, physical properties, and applications. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis; 2005. p. 162–214.
Bruni G, Berbenni V, Milanese C, Gorella A, Marini A. Drug–excipient compatibility studies on binary and ternary mixtures by physicochemical techniques. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2010;102(1):193–201.
Peres-Filho MJ, Gaeti MPN, Olaveira SR, Marceto RN, Lima EM. Thermoanalytical investigation of olanzapine compatibility with excipients used in solid oral dosage forms. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2010;104(1):255–60.
Brown ME, Antunes EM, Glass BD, Lebete M, Walker RB. DSC screening of potential prochloperazine–excipient interactions in preformulation studies. J Therm Anal Calorim. 1999;56:1317–22.
Neto HS, Novak Cs, Matos JR. Thermal analysis and compatibility studies of prednicarbate with excipients used in semi-solid pharmaceutical form. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2009;97:367–74.
Filho ROC, Franco PIBM, Conceicao EC, Leles MIG. Stability studies on nifedipine tablets using thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2009;97:343–7.
Freire FD, Aragao CFS, Flavio Assioly de Limas Moua T, Raffin FN. Compatibility study between chlorpropamide and excipients in their physical mixtures. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2009;97:355–7.
Aigner Z, Heinrich R, Sipos E, Forkas G, Ciurba A, Berkesi O, Szabo-Ravez P. Compatibility studies of aceclofenac with retard tablet excipients by means of thermal and FTIR spectroscopic methods. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2011;104(1):265–71.
Gaisford S, O’Neil MAA. Role of calorimetry in preformulation studies. In: Gaisford S, editor. Pharmaceutical isothermal calorimetry. New York: Informa Healthcare Inc.; 2006:177–215
Sousa e Silva JP, Sousa Lobo JM. Compatibility studies between Nevicapine, a novel COMT inhibitor, and excipients using stepwise isothermal high sensitivity DSC method. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2010;102(1):317–21.
Okafor IS, Chukwu A, Udeala K. Some physicochemical properties of grewia gum. Nig J Polym Sci Technol. 2001;2(1):161–7.
Nep EI, Conway BR. Characterization of grewia gum, a potential pharmaceutical excipient. J Excip Food Chem. 2010;1(1):30–40.
Okafor IS. The rheological properties of grewia gum. Nig J Polym Sci Technol. 2001;2(1):169–76.
Nep EI, Okafor IS. Evaluation of the bioadhesive property of grewia gum in indomethacin tablet formulation in pig gastric mucus. J Pharm Bioresour. 2006;3(2):62–9.
Emeje M, Isimi C, Kunle O. Effect of grewia gum on the mechanical properties of paracetamol tablet formulations. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol. 2008;2(1):001–6.
Muazu J, Musa H, Musa KY. Compression, mechanical and release properties of paracetamol tablet containing acid treated grewia gum. J Pharm Sci Technol. 2009;1(2):74–9.
Okafor IS, Chukwu A. The mechanical properties of aqueous based grewia gum films. Nig J Polym Sci Technol. 2004;4(1):305–9.
Tita B, Fulias A, Szabadai Z, Rusu G, Bandur G, Tita D. Compatibility study between ibuprofen and excipients in their physical mixtures. doi:10.1007/s10973-010-1188-8.
Bernadi LS, Oliveira PR, Murakami FS, Silva MAS, Borgmann SHM, Cardoso SG. Characterization of venlafaxine hydrochloride and compatibility studies with pharmaceutical excipients. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2009;97(2):729–33.
Silverstein RM, Bassler GC, Morril TC. Spectrometric identification of organic compounds. New York: Wiley; 1991. p. 91–131.
Nunes RS, Semaan FS, Riga AT, Cavalheiro ETG. Thermal behaviour of verapamil hydrochloride and its association with excipients. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2009;97(1):349–53.
Figueiro SD, Goes JC, Moreira RA, Sombra ASB. On the physicochemical and dielectric properties of glutaraldehyde cross-linked galactomannan–collagen films. Carbohydr Polym. 2004;56:313–20.
Filippove MP. Practical infrared spectroscopy of pectic substances. Food Hydrocolloids. 1992;6:115–42.
Xiaodong M, Marek P. Intrinsic viscosities and Huggins constants of guar gum in alkali metal chloride solutions. Carbohydr Polym. 2007;70:15–24.
Wu C, McGinity JW. Influence of ibuprofen as a solid-state plasticizer in Eudragit® RS 30 D on the physicochemical properties of coated beads. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2001;2:1–9.
Maheshwari M, Ketkar AR, Chauhan B, Patil VB, Paradkar AR. Preparation and characterization of ibuprofen–cetyl alcohol beads by melt solidification technique: effect of variables. Int J Pharm. 2003;261:57–67.
Onoa GB, Moreno V, Freisingerb E, Lippert B. Pd(II)- and Pt(II)–cimetidine complexes. Crystal structure of trans-[Pt(N, S-cimetidine)]Cl2·12H2O. J Inorg Biochem. 2002;89:237–47.
Otsuka M, Ohtani H, Kaneniwa N, Higuchi S. Isomerization of lactose in solid-state by mechanical stress during grinding. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1991;43:148–53.
Drapier-Beche N, Fanni J, Parmentier M. Physical and chemical properties of molecular compounds of lactose. J Dairy Sci. 1999;82:2558–63.
Ng WF, Wong MH, Cheng FT. Stearic acid coating on magnesium for enhancing corrosion resistance in Hanks’ solution. Surf Coat Technol. 2010;204:1823–30.
Spoljaric S, Genovese A, Shanks RA. Polypropylene microcrystalline cellulose composites with enhanced compatibility and properties. Composites. 2009;Part A 40:791–9.
Makhija SN, Vavia PR. Once daily sustained release tablets of venlafaxine, a novel antidepressant. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2002;54:9–15.
Bruni G, Milanese C, Berbenni V, Sartor F, Villa M, Marini A. Crystalline and amorphous phases of a new drug. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2009;102(1):297–303.
Pinto MF, Afonso de Macedo E, Santos de Souza F, Macedo RO. Thermal compatibility studies of nitroimidazoles and excipients. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2010;102(1):323–9.
Acknowledgements
Financial support for this work was provided by the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission and Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nep, E.I., Conway, B.R. Preformulation studies on grewia gum as a formulation excipient. J Therm Anal Calorim 108, 197–205 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-011-1782-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-011-1782-4