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Effects of Al doping on physical properties and photocatalytic activity of neodymium orthoferrite

  • Original Paper: Sol-gel and hybrid materials for dielectric, electronic, magnetic and ferroelectric applications
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Abstract

Single-phase nanoparticles of NdFe1−xAlxO3 being x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 & 0.5 were synthesized via sol-gel procedure. The average crystallites size of NdFe1−xAlxO3 was derived from X-ray diffraction, belong to range 56–31 nm. The morphology of the samples was investigated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. Furthermore, the dielectric variations of the compounds versus frequency and temperature were measured by an LCR meter. Dielectric versus temperature curves showed that the TN values of the samples decreased with increasing Al content. Next, the magnetic behavior of the samples were analyzed by using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), field cooling (FC) and zero-field cooling (ZFC) analysis. VSM loops illustrated that NdFe0.7Al0.3O3 NPs had a large amount of Mnet, Mr and Hc up to 0.70 emu/g, 0.09 emu/g and 0.21 T, respectively. The TSR for NdFeO3 nanoparticles was close to 163 K decreasing as function of Al doping increasing. Deferential Reflectance Spectroscopy curves were used to determine the band gaps energy (Eg). Eg values were derived being between visible up to ultraviolet. Investigation of the photocatalytic behaviors of these samples showed that the NdFe0.8Al0.2O3 had the best photocatalytic activity. The kinetic energy magnitude is discussed.

Graphical abstract

Highlights

  • NdFe1–xAlxO3 NPs were produced by sol-gel process to have nanosize particles without any impurities.

  • NdFe1–xAlxO3 NPs were prepared in an orthorhombic structure. And the crystallite became smaller with growing the amount of Al with average size of 56–31 nm.

  • TN values of the samples decreased with increasing Al content.

  • NdFe0.7Al0.3O3 NPs showed the largest amount of Mnet, Mr and Hc.

  • TSR of NdFeO3 was close to 163 K and it decreased with increasing Al content.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Physics, Semnan University, P. O. Box 35195-363, Semnan, Iran

    Mehrnoush Nakhaei & Davoud Sanavi Khoshnoud

  2. Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Center for Materials Crystallography, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark

    Mehrnoush Nakhaei & Martin Bremholm

  3. São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil

    Marcos A. L. Nobre

  4. Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P. O. Box 14965-115, Tehran, Iran

    Hossein Ali Khonakdar

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  1. Mehrnoush Nakhaei
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  2. Davoud Sanavi Khoshnoud
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  3. Martin Bremholm
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  4. Marcos A. L. Nobre
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  5. Hossein Ali Khonakdar
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MN, Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Writing—Original draft preparation, DSK, Data curation, Investigation, Validation, Editing. MB, Data curation, Investigation, Validation. MALN conceptual, reviewing and editing. HAK, Investigation, Writing-reviewing, Editing.

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Nakhaei, M., Khoshnoud, D.S., Bremholm, M. et al. Effects of Al doping on physical properties and photocatalytic activity of neodymium orthoferrite. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 105, 246–265 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-022-05956-0

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