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The sol–gel process applied in the stone conservation

  • Original Paper: Functional coatings, thin films and membranes (including deposition techniques)
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Abstract

This review presents an overview of sol–gel technology in the field of stone conservation, discussing the underlying physics and chemistry of sol–gel and providing an overview of the use of sol–gel processing in stone conservation. This review also discusses the relationship between the sol–gel process, its structure, the mechanism in conservation as parameters influencing silica polymerization within the stone and on specific synthesis parameters in silane chemistry and mechanical behavior. In recent years, research on sol–gel science has increased due to the promising results of this technique, especially in the field of conservation of old buildings that require the preservation of the original stone with which they were built. In general, it is shown that a change in sol–gel parameters has a significant impact on stone conservation. This review indicates how sol–gel technology can be exploited to investigate and improve stone conservation.

Graphical abstract

Highlights

  • TEOS and different additives are reviewed as stone treatment conservation.

  • Mechanical strength of stone changes according to the consolidant treatment.

  • TEOS/PDMS improve the stone physical and chemical properties.

  • The penetration of consolidant varies according to its concentration and type.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support of the Instituto Politécnico Nacional through grant SIP-20221172.

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  1. Instituto Politécnico Nacional. UPIIG, Av. Mineral de Valenciana No. 200 Col. Fracc. Industrial Puerto Interior, C.P. 36275, Silao de la Victoria, Gto., México

    Carmen Salazar-Hernández & Juan Manuel Mendoza-Miranda

  2. Departamento en Ingeniería en Minas, Metalurgia y Geología. Universidad de Guanajuato, Ex Hacienda de San Matías S/N Colonia San Javier, C.P. 36020, Guanajuato, Gto., México

    Mercedes Salazar-Hernández

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Salazar-Hernández, C., Salazar-Hernández, M. & Mendoza-Miranda, J.M. The sol–gel process applied in the stone conservation. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 106, 495–517 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-022-05931-9

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