Abstract
This paper describes a molecular plating method in which americium-241 (Am-241) was directly deposited onto a 4.8 mm x 4.8 mm Schottky electrode of 4 H-SiC devices. The plating solution consists of isopropanol and dilute nitric acid. Plating was conducted for one hour using a high voltage between 300 and 600 V to plate the radionuclide. A gasket with an aluminized mylar contact surface was added to a traditional disposable electrodeposition cell to accommodate the small size of the diode. Deposition recoveries of 50–65% have been consistently achieved using 20–30 nCi of Am-241 with minimal damage to the diode surface.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Prelas MA, Weaver CL, Watermann ML, Lukosi ED, Schott RJ, Wisniewski DA (2014) A review of nuclear batteries. Prog Nucl Energy 75:117–148
Xue S, Tan C, Kandlakunta P, Oksuz I, Hlinka V, Cao LR (2019) Methods for improving the power conversion efficiency of nuclear-voltaic batteries. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res A: Accel Spectrom Detect Assoc Equip 927:133–139
Yaffe L (1962) Preparation of thin films, sources, and targets. Annu Rev Nucl Sci 12(1):153–188
Greene RE, Pressly RS, Case FN (1972) Review of alpha radiation source preparation methods and applications (No. ORNL–4819). Oak Ridge National Lab
Van der Eijk W, Oldenof W, Zehner W (1973) Preparation of thin sources, a review. Nucl Instrum Methods 112(1–2):343–351
Lally AE, Glover KM (1984) Source preparation in alpha spectrometry. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res 223(2–3):259–265
Muggleton AHF (1979) Preparation of thin nuclear targets. J Phys E: Sci Instr 12(9):780–807
Crespo MT (2012) A review of electrodeposition methods for the preparation of alpha-radiation sources. Appl Radiat Isot 70(1):210–215
Parker W, Falk (1962) Molecular plating: a method for the electrolytic formation of thin inorganic films.Nucl Instr Methods.16
Hallstadius L (1984) A method for the electrodeposition of actinides. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res A 223(2–3):266–267
Talvitie NA (1972) Electrodeposition of actinides for alpha spectrometric determination. Anal Chem 44(2):280–283
Evans JE, Lougheed RW, Coops MS, Hoff RW, Hulet EK (1972) The use of electrodeposition methods to prepare actinide targets for cross-section measurements and accelerator bombardments. Nucl Instrum Methods 102(3):389–401
Aumann DC, Müllen G (1974) Preparation of targets of Ca, Ba, Fe, La, Pb, Tl, Bi, Th and U by electrodeposition from organic solutions. Nucl Instr Methods 115(1):75–81
Getoff N, Bildstein H (1969) Molecular plating: VI. Quantitative electrodeposition of americium. Nucl Instr Methods 70(3):352–354
Prakash S, Manohar SB, Singh RJ, Ramaniah MV (1971) Preparation of actinide targets by electrodeposition on aluminium. Appl Radiat Isot 22(2):128–129
Müllen G, Aumann DC (1975) Preparation of targets of Np, Pu, Am, Cm and Cf by electrodeposition from organic solutions. Nucl Instr Methods 128(3):425–428
Trautmann N, Folger H (1989) Preparation of actinide targets by electrodeposition. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res A: Accel Spectrom Detect Assoc Equip 282(1):102–106
Zhi Q, Junsheng G, Zaiguo G (2001) Preparation of the thicker americium targets by molecular plating. Appl Radiat Isot 54(5):741–744
Glover S, Filby R, Clark S, Grytdal S (1998) Optimization and characterization of a sulfate-based electrodeposition method for alpha-spectroscopy of actinide elements using chemometric analysis. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 234(1–2):213–220
Vascon A, Santi S, Isse AA, Reich T, Drebert J, Christ H, Düllmann CE, Eberhardt K (2012) Elucidation of constant current density molecular plating. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res A 696:180–191
Giglio D, Xue S, Spitz H, Hoffman MK, Kandlakunta P, Hlinka V, Cao LR (2022) Evaluation of alpha particles damage by electrodeposited 241Am on SiC Schottky diode and simulation with Allpix2.Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res A. (under review)
Acknowledgements
This material is based upon work partially supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant# IIP-1853888 to the American Society for Engineering Education for the Innovative Postdoctoral Entrepreneurial Research Fellowship. This material is also based upon work partially supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation Small Business Innovation Research Program Phase II under Award# (FAIN): 1853115. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or the American Society for Engineering Education. Finally, this material is based upon work partially supported by the Department of Energy / National Nuclear Security Administration under Award Number(s) DE-NA0003921. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Lei R. Cao and Vasil Hlinka hold equity interests with AwareAbility Technologies. Lei R. Cao and R. Gregory Downing receive compensation from the company for consulting. All other authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Hoffman, M.K., Spitz, H.B., Bissmeyer, P.H. et al. Molecular plating of Am-241 on a Schottky metal contact. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 331, 5423–5431 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-022-08504-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-022-08504-w