Abstract
A method has been developed for the determination of two artificial beta emitters (55Fe and 63Ni) in sludge samples from a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). The activities found for 55Fe and 63Ni ranged between (<15 Bq kg−1) and 162 Bq kg−1, and between (<10 Bq kg−1) and 65 Bq kg−1, respectively. Using the sludge activities is possible to estimate the activity of both radionuclides in the river water, based on the relation between the amount of sludge generated and the flow of the river water treated in the plant. Based on this estimation, it is possible avoid the use of time-consuming methods.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hosseini A, Brown JE, Gwynn JP, Dowdall M (2012) Review of research on impacts to biota of discharges of naturally occurring radionuclides in produced water to the marine environment. Sci Total Environ 438:325–333
Persson BRR, Holm E (2011) 210Po and 210Pb in the terrestrial environment: a historical review. J Environ Radioact 102:420–429
Qiao J, Hou X, Miró M, Roos P (2009) Determination of plutonium isotopes in waters and environmental solids: a review. Anal Chim Acta 652:66–84
Thakur P, Mulholland GP (2012) Determination of 237Np in environmental and nuclear samples: a review of the analytical method. Appl Radiat Isot 70:1747–1778
Alabdullah J, Michel H, Barci V, Féraud G, Barci-Funel G (2013) Spatial and vertical distributions of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides and cesium fractionation in sediments of the Var river and its tributaries (southeast France). J Radioanal Nucl Chem 298:25–32
Eyrolle F, Radakovitch O, Raimbault P, Charmasson S, Antonelli C, Ferrand E, Aubert D, Raccasi G, Jacquet S, Gurriaran R (2012) Consequences of hydrological events on the delivery of suspended sediments and associated radionuclides from the Rhone River to the Mediterranean Sea. J Soils Sedim 12:1479–1495
Nikitin AI, Kryshev II, Bashkirov NI, Valetova NK, Dunaev GE, Kabanov AI, Katrich IYu, Krutovsky AO, Nikitin VA, Petrenko GI, Polukhina AM, Selivanova GV, Shkuro VN (2012) Up-to-date concentrations of long-lived artificial radionuclides in the Tom and Ob rivers in the area influenced by discharges from Siberian chemical combine. J Environ Radioact 108:15–23
Sawidis T, Bellos D, Tsikritzis L (2011) 137Cs concentrations in sediments and aquatic plants from the Pinios River, Thessalia (Central Greece). Water Air Soil Pollut 221:215–222
Palomo M, Peñalver A, Aguilar C, Borrull F (2010) Radioactive evaluation of Ebro River water and sludge treated in a potable water treatment plant located in the south of Catalonia (Spain). Appl Radiat Isot 68:474–480
Forkapic S, Nikolov J, Todorovic N, Mrdja D, Bikit I (2011) Tritium determination in Danube River Water in Serbia by liquid scintillation counter. World Acad Sci Eng Technol 52:520–523
Bolsunovsky AY, Bondareva LG (2003) Tritium in surface water of the Yenisei River basin. J Environ Rad 66:285–294
Palomo M, Peñalver A, Aguilar C, Borrull F (2010) Presence of naturally occurring radioactive materials in sludge samples from several Spanish water treatment plants. J Hazard Mater 181:716–721
Mola M, Avivar J, Nieto A et al (2014) Determination of 90Sr and 210Pb in sludge samples using a LOV-MSFIA system and liquid scintillation counting. Appl Radiat Isot 86:28–35
Warwick PE, Croudace IW (2006) Isolation and quantification of 55Fe and 63Ni in reactor effluents using extraction chromatography and liquid scintillation analysis. Anal Chim Acta 567:277–285
Hou X, Østergaard LF, Nielsen SP (2005) Determination of 63Ni and 55Fe in nuclear waste samples using radiochemical separation and liquid scintillation counting. Anal Chim Acta 535:297–307
Gresits I, Tölgyesi S (2003) J Radioanal Nucl Chem 258:107–112
Grahek Z, Milanović I, Nodilo M, Rožmarić M (2013) Sequential separation of Fe and Sr from liquid samples by using Sr resin and rapid determination of 55Fe and 89,90Sr. Appl Radiat Isot 81:42–48
Grahek Z, Macefat MR (2006) Extraction chromatographic separation of iron from complex liquid samples and the determination of 55Fe. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 267:131–137
Gudelis A, Druteikiene R, Luksiene B et al (2010) Assessing deposition levels of 55Fe, 60Co and 63Ni in the Ignalina NPP environment. J Environ Radioact 101:464–467
Warwick E, Cundy B, Croudace W, Bains D, Dale AA (2001) The uptake of 55Fe by marine sediment, macroalgae, and biota following discharge from a nuclear power station. Environ Sci Technol 35:2171–2177
Skwarzec B, Holm E, Struminska DI (2001) Radioanalytical determination of 55Fe and 63Ni in the environmental samples. Chem Anal 46:23–30
Herranz M, Idoeta R, Abelairas A, Legarda F (2012) Uncertainties in 63Ni and 55Fe determinations using liquid scintillation counting methods. Appl Radiat Isot 70:1863–1866
Roje V (2011) Fast method of multi-elemental analysis of stream sediment samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) with prior single-step microwave-assisted digestion. J Braz Chem Soc 22:532–539
Chen M, Ma LQ (2001) Comparison of three aqua regia digestion methods for twenty Florida soils. Soil Sci Soc Am J 65:491–499
Taddei MHT, Macacini JF, Vicente R et al (2013) Determination of 63Ni and 59Ni in spent ion-exchange resin and activated charcoal from the IEA-R1 nuclear research reactor. Appl Radiat Isot 77:50–55
Geckeis H, Hentschel D, Jensen D et al (1997) Determination of 55Fe and 63Ni using semi-preparative ion chromatography: a feasibility study. Fresenius J Anal Chem 357:864–869
Nieto A, Ruana J, Pujol X, Colom A, Peñalver A, Aguilar C, Borrull F (2015) Study of the radiological impact caused by the extraction of the residue of a dicalcium phosphate industrial plant. Radioprotection 50(2):135–140
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful for the support of the Consorci d’Aigües de Tarragona (CAT), which provided the sludge samples from the DWTP of L’Ampolla (Tarragona, Spain).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fonollosa, E., Nieto, A., Peñalver, A. et al. Determination of artificial beta-emitters in sludge samples. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 309, 1077–1085 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-016-4705-9
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-016-4705-9