Abstract
Offshore wind power is clean energy with rapid growth in recent years. As a key part of wind turbines, improving the combination performance of wind turbine cable insulation has a crucial impact on the development of wind power systems. In this paper, kaolin is selected to improve the tensile strength of Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer (EPDM) rubber, and Boron Nitride Nanosheeets (BNNSs) with good electrical insulation and thermal conductivity are co-doped into kaolin/EPDM to improve the breakdown strength and thermal conductivity of the composite. The results show that the properties of the composites are improved when the powders are doped into EPDM. When the kaolin doping amount is 30wt%, the dielectric properties and the mechanical properties are improved, but the breakdown strength has deteriorated. Based on 30wt% kaolin content, BNNSs are added to EPDM. The breakdown strength is improved. The breakdown strength of the 30wt% Kaolin/5wt%BNNSs co-doped EPDM is 83.33 kV/mm. In addition, due to the synergistic effect between the two powders, the tensile strength of the composite is increased to 8.06 MPa. Meanwhile, with the increase of BNNSs, the thermal conductivity of composite is improved. It increases to 1.247 W/(m⋅K) This work has important guiding significance for improving the combination performance of the wind turbine cable insulation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Xu Y, Yang K, Zhao G (2021) The influencing factors and hierarchical relationships of offshore wind power industry in China, Environ Sci. Pollut R 28:52329–52344
Li J, Wang G, Li Z, Yang S et al (2020) A review on development of offshore wind energy conversion system. Int J Energ Res 44(12):9283–9297
Lian J, Cai O, Dong X et al (2019) Health Monitoring and Safety evaluation of the Offshore wind turbine structure: a review and discussion of Future Development. Sustainability-Basel 11(2):494
Zhang J, Cai L, Ma L (2017) Energy performance of wind power in China: a comparison among inland, coastal and offshore wind farms. J Clean Prod 143:836–842
Fernández-Guillamón A, Das K, Cutululis A et al (2019) Offshore wind power integration into Future Power systems: Overview and Trends. J Mar Sci Eng 7(11):399
Akhtar N, Geyer B, Rockel B et al (2021) Accelerating deployment of offshore wind energy alter wind climate and reduce future power generation potentials. Sci Rep -UK 11(1):11826
Jansen M, Staffell I, Kitzing L et al (2020) Offshore wind competitiveness in mature markets without subsidy. Nat Energy 5(8):614–622
He J (2017) Chen G (2021) Insulation materials for HVDC polymeric cables. IEEE T Dielect El In 24(3):1307–1307
Surya I, Muniyadi M, Ismail H A review on clay-reinforced ethylene propylene diene terpolymer composites. Polym Compos 42(4):1698–1711
Pirityi DZ, Pölöskei K (2021) Thermomechanical Devulcanisation of Ethylene propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) Rubber and its subsequent reintegration into Virgin Rubber. Polymers-Basel 13(7):1116
Chi Q, Hao Y, Zhang T et al (2018) Study on nonlinear conductivity and breakdown characteristics of zinc oxide–hexagonal boron nitride/EPDM composites. J Mater Sci-Mater El 29:19678–19688
Hamzah MS, Jaafar M, Mohd Jamil MK (2014) Electrical insulation characteristics of alumina, titania, and organoclay nanoparticles filled PP/EPDM nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 131(23)
Ali M, Choudhry MA (2015) Preparation and characterization of EPDM-silica nano/micro composites for high voltage insulation applications. Mater Sci-Poland 33(1):213–219
Airinei A, Asandulesa M, Stelescu MD, Tudorachi N, Fifere N, Bele A, Musteata V (2021) Dielectric, thermal and water absorption properties of some EPDM/Flax Fiber composites vol Z13:Polymers-Basel, p 2555. 15
Naskar AK, Keum JK, Boeman RG (2016) Polymer matrix nanocomposites for automotive structural components. Nat Nanotechnol 11:1026–1030
Ciofani G, Raffa V, Menciassi A, Cuschieri A (2008) Cytocompatibility, interactions, and uptake of polyethyleneimine-coated boron nitride nanotubes by living cells: confirmation of their potential for biomedical applications. Biotechnol Bioeng 101:850–858
Chen X (2009) Boron Nitride nanotubes are noncytotoxic and can be functionalized for interaction with proteins and cells. J Am Chem Soc 131:890–891
Yurdakul H, GöncüY, Durukan O, Akay A, Seyhan A, T, Ay N, Turan S (2012) Nanoscopic characterization of two-dimensional (2D) boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) produced by microfluidization. Ceram Int 38(3):2187–2193
Jang SK, Youn J, Song YJ, Lee S (2016) Synthesis and characterization of hexagonal boron nitride as a gate dielectric. Sci Rep 6:30449
Boldrin L, Scarpa F, Chowdhury R, Adhikari S (2011) Effective mechanical properties of hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets. Nanotechnology 22:505702
Li LH, Cervenka J, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Chen Y (2014) Strong oxidation resistance of atomically thin boron nitride nanosheets. ACS Nano 8:1457–1462
Wang W, Sun G, Chen Y, Sun X, Bi J (2018) Preparation and mechanical properties of boron nitride nanosheets/alumina composites. Ceram Int 44(17):21993–21997
Pelka WJB, Knapp M, Szyszko T (2002) Podsiadlo.Lattice parameters and anisotropic thermal expansion of hexagonal boron nitride in the 10–297.5 K temperature range. Appl Phys a Mater Sci Process 75:431–435
Paszkowicz W, Meng, Huang Y, Fu Y, Wang Z, Zhi C (2014) Polymer composites of boron nitride nanotubes and nanosheets. J Mater Chem C 2:10049–10061
Liang G, Sun G, Bi J, Wang W, Yang X, Li Y (2020) Mechanical and dielectric properties of functionalized boron nitride nanosheets/silicon nitride composites. Ceram Int 47(2):2058–2067
Weng Q, Wang X, Wang X, Bando Y, Golberg D (2016) Functionalized hexagonal boron nitride nanomaterials: emerging properties and applications. Chem Soc Rev 45:3989–4012
Li GC, Zhou XG, Li XJ, Wei YH (2020) DC breakdown characteristics of XLPE/BNNS nanocomposites considering BN nanosheet concentration, space charge and temperature. High Volt 5(3):280–286
Li M, Wang M, Hou X, Zhan Z, Wang H, Fu H (2020) Highly thermal conductive and electrical insulating polymer composites with boron nitride. Compos Part B-Eng 184:107746
Jarvid M, Johansson A, Kroon R et al (2014) A New Application Area for fullerenes: Voltage stabilizers for Power Cable Insulation. Adv Mater 27(5):897–902
Yao T, Zhou W, Peng W, Zhou J, Li T, Wu H, Zheng J (2022) Insights into concomitant enhancements of dielectric properties and thermal conductivity of PVDF composites filled with core@double-shell structured Zn@ZnO@PS particles. J Appl Polym Sci 139(44):53069
Yao T, Zhou W, Cao G, Peng W, Liu J, Dong X, Chen X (2023) Engineering of core@double-shell structured Zn@ZnO@PS particles in poly (vinylidene fluoride) composites towards significantly enhanced dielectric performances. J Appl Polym Sci 140(17):53772
Zhou W, Cao G, Yuan M, Zhong S, Wang Y, Liu X, Cao D, Peng W, Liu J, Wang G, Dang Z, Li B (2023) Core-shell engineering of conductive fillers toward enhanced dielectric properties: a universal polarization mechanism in polymer conductor composites. Adv Mater 35(2):2207829
Sahyoun J, Crepet A, Gouanve F, Keromnes L, Espuche E (2016) Diffusion mechanism of byproducts resulting from the peroxide crosslinking of polyethylene. J Appl Polym Sci 134(9):44525
Roger C, Hamedi H, Woodward WH, Lanagan M (2020) Thermally stimulated depolarization current spectra of cross-linked polyethylene and the influence of cross-linking byproducts. J Polym Sci 58(22):3142–3152
O’Dwyer JJ (1973) The theory of electrical conduction and breakdown in solid dielectrics. Oxford Clarendon Press. 206
Shao C, Wang Q, Mao Y, Li Q, Wu C (2019) Influence of carbon nanotubes content on the properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber/cobalt chloride composites. Mater Res Express 6(7)
Duan Q, Wang J, Ren Q, Li K, Zhang Z, Wang Y (2018) Effect of adding carbon fiber on conductive stability of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber composites. J Appl Polym Sci 135:46668
Acknowledgements
This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (52277153).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors hereby declare that they have no competing interests as defined by Springer or other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Feng, H., Deng, W., Xiao, C. et al. Synergetic enhancement of the electrical-thermal-mechanical properties of EPDM composites modified by Kaolin and BNNSs. J Polym Res 31, 23 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-024-03872-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-024-03872-1