Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Palaeoseismic history of the eastern part of the North Anatolian Fault (Erzincan, Turkey): Implications for the seismicity of the Yedisu seismic gap

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Published:
Journal of Seismology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The North Anatolian Fault showed a remarkable seismic activity especially between 1939 and 1999, when the westward migrating earthquake sequence created surface ruptures more than 1000 km, leaving unbroken only the Marmara segments, to the west, and the Yedisu Segment, to the east along the main strand of the fault. To understand the palaeoseismicity of the Yedisu Seismic Gap, we undertook trench investigations close to the village of Balaban Sarıkaya, on the western part of the Yedisu Segment. We found evidence for at least five surface faulting earthquakes, from which only two are correlated with the 18 July 1784 CE and 27 June 1583 CE historical events. Although the surface rupture of the 1784 CE was reported by other trench studies, the evidence of 1583 CE event is presented for the first time. In consideration with other historical earthquakes, affecting the region east of Erzincan, we suggest that this particular section of the North Anatolian Fault may be in a seismically quiescent period, following a cluster of earthquakes in its near history. In order to test this hypothesis, further studies are needed to increase our knowledge on the temporal and spatial seismic behaviour of the Yedisu Segment, which has potential to create an earthquake with M w ~7.2 in the near future.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. “The term Scholle has been used by German-speaking geologists to describe the deformational pattern of the Alpine foreland, caused by rigid or semi-rigid crustal blocks bounded by reverse, normal and/or strike-slip belts. This term is appropriate to describe also the crustal fragments and splinters that form, as a result of complex strain patterns, during continental collision, and by the virtue of their tectonic nature and behaviour cannot be termed ‘plates’” by Dewey and Şengör (1979) Aegean and surrounding regions: complex multiplate and continuum tectonics in a convergent zone. Geological Society of America Bulletin 90:84–92. doi:10.1130/0016–7606(1979), p. 84.

  2. “Taphrogens are lithospheric-scale structures, commonly formed from a linked system of rifts and grabens that stretch the lithosphere” by Şengör and Natal'in (2001) Rifts of the world. Geological Society of America Special Papers 352:389–482 p. 391.

References

  • Aktuğ B, Dikmen Ü, Doğru A, Özener H (2013) Seismicity and strain accumulation around Karliova Triple Junction (Turkey). J Geodyn 67:21–29. doi:10.1016/j.jog.2012.04.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aktuğ B, Doğru A, Özener H, Peyret M (2015) Slip rates and locking depth variation along central and easternmost segments of North Anatolian Fault. Geophys J Int 202:2133–2149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akyüz HS, Hartleb R, Barka A, Altunel E, Sunal G (2002) Surface rupture and slip distribution of the 12 November 1999 Düzce Earthquake (M 7.1), North Anatolian Fault, Bolu, Turkey. Bull Seismol Soc Am 92:61–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akyüz HS, Sançar T, Zabcı C, Gutsuz P, Karabacak V, Altunel E, Cakir Z, Yalciner C (2008a) Paleoseismological studies on Yedisu seismic gap, eastern part of North Anatolian Fault, Turkey. In: 6th Swiss Geoscience Meeting, Lugano, pp 241–242

  • Akyüz HS, Sançar T, Zabcı C, Karabacak V, Gutsuz P, Altunel E, Yalciner C (2008b) Geometry and paleoseismology of Yedisu Seismic Gap, North Anatolian Fault Zone, Eastern Turkey. In: European Geoscience Union General Assembly, Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vienna, pp EGU 2008–A–00449

  • Ambraseys NN (2009) Earthquakes in the Mediterranean and Middle East: a multidisciplinary study of seismicity up to 1900. Cambridge University Press, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ambraseys NN, Jackson JA (1998) Faulting associated with historical and recent earthquakes in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Geophys J Int 133:390–406

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barka AA (1992) The North Anatolian fault zone. Annales Tectonicae 6:164–195

    Google Scholar 

  • Barka A (1995) Erzincan ve çevresini etkileyen Kuzey Anadolu Fayı’nın iki segmenti ve Ovacık Fayı üzerinde paleosismik çalışmalar, TÜBİTAK, Ankara, p 96

  • Barka A (1996) Slip distribution along the North Anatolian Fault associated with large earthquakes of the period 1939 to 1967. Bull Seismol Soc Am 86:1238–1254

    Google Scholar 

  • Barka A, Eyidoǧan H (1993) The Erzincan earthquake of 13 March 1992 in Eastern Turkey. Terra Nov. 5:190–194. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3121.1993.tb00245.x

  • Barka AA, Gülen L (1989) Complex evolution of the Erzincan Basin (eastern Turkey). J Struct Geol 11:275–283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barka AA, Kadinsky-Cade K (1988) Strike-slip fault geometry in Turkey and its influence on earthquake activity. Tectonics 7:663–684

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barka A, Wesnousky SG (1994) Potential of a large earthquake in the Erzincan region following the 1992 Erzincan earthquake, M=6.9; preliminary trench study results. In: Proceedings of the workshop on paleoseismology, Open-File Report 94-568 - U. S. Geological Survey, Marshall, California, pp 14–15

  • Barka AA, Toksöz MN, Kadinsky-Cade K, Gülen L (1987) The segmentation, seismicity and earthquake potential of the eastern part of the North Anatolian Fault Zone. In: Toksöz MN (ed) The interpretation of crustal dynamics data in terms of plate interactions and active tectonics of the "Anatolian plate" and surrounding regions in the Middle East. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Crustal Dynamics), Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Barka A, Akyüz HS, Altunel E, Sunal G, Çakır Z, Dikbaş A, Yerli B, Armijo R, Meyer B, De Chabalier JB, Rockwell T, Dolan JR, Hartleb R, Dawson T, Christofferson S, Tucker AZ, Fumal TE, Langridge R, Stenner HD, Lettis W, Bachhuber J, Page WD (2002) The surface rupture and slip distribution of the 17 August 1999 İzmit earthquake (M 7.4), North Anatolian Fault. Bull Seismol Soc Am 92:43–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bronk Ramsey C, Lee S (2013) Recent and planned developments of the program OxCal. Radiocarbon 55(2–3):720-730. doi:10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16215

  • Bronk Ramsey C, Scott EM, van der Plicht J (2013) Calibration for archaeological and environmental terrestrial samples in the time range 26-50 ka cal BP. Radiocarbon 55:2021–2027

  • Çağatay MN, Erel L, Bellucci LG, Polonia A, Gasperini L, Eriş KK, Sancar Ü, Biltekin D, Uçarkuş G, Ülgen UB, Damcı E (2012) Sedimentary earthquake records in the İzmit Gulf, Sea of Marmara, Turkey. Sediment Geol 282:347–359. doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2012.10.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Çakır Z, Ergintav S, Akoğlu AM, Çakmak R, Tatar O, Meghraoui M (2014) InSAR velocity field across the North Anatolian Fault (eastern Turkey): implications for the loading and release of interseismic strain accumulation. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 119:2014JB011360. doi:10.1002/2014JB011360

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavalié O, Jónsson S (2014) Block-like plate movements in eastern Anatolia observed by InSAR. Geophys Res Lett 41:26–31. doi:10.1002/2013GL058170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dewey JF, Şengör AMC (1979) Aegean and surrounding regions: complex multiplate and continuum tectonics in a convergent zone. Geol Soc Am Bull 90:84–92. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1979)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dikbaş A, Akyüz HS (2011) Paleoseismological investigations on the Karadere segment, North Anatolian Fault, Turkey. Turk J Earth Sci 20:395–410

    Google Scholar 

  • Dolan JF, Bowman DD, Sammis CG (2007) Long-range and long-term fault interactions in Southern California. Geology Boulder 35:858–855

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drab L, Hubert Ferrari A, Schmidt S, Martinez P (2012) The earthquake sedimentary record in the western part of the Sea of Marmara. Turkey Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 12:1235–1254. doi:10.5194/nhess-12-1235-2012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drab L, Hubert-Ferrari A, Schmidt S, Martinez P, Carlut J, El Ouahabi M (2015) Submarine earthquake history of the Çınarcık Segment of the North Anatolian Fault in the Marmara Sea, Turkey. Bull Seismol Soc Am 105:622–645

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emre Ö, Duman TY, Kondo H, Olgun Ş, Özalp S, Elmacı H (2012) 1:250000 ölçekli Türkiye Diri Fay Haritası serisi, Erzincan (NJ37-3) Paftası, Seri No 44. In: Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara

  • Erinç S (1953) Doğu Anadolu Coğrafyası. İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları No. 572, İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Coğrafya Enstitüsü Yayınları, No. 15, İstanbul, pp 124

  • Fraser J, Pigati JS, Hubert-Ferrari A, Vanneste K, Avşar U, Altinok S (2009) A 3000-year record of ground-rupturing earthquakes along the central North Anatolian Fault near Lake Ladik, Turkey. Bull Seismol Soc Am 99:2681–2703. doi:10.1785/0120080024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser J, Hubert-Ferrari A, Vanneste K, Altinok S, Drab L (2010a) A relict paleoseismic record of seven earthquakes between 2000 B.C. and 600 A.D. on the central North Anatolian fault at Elmacik, near Osmancik, Turkey. Geol Soc Am Bull 122:1830–1845

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser J, Vanneste K, Hubert-Ferrari A (2010b) Recent behavior of the North Anatolian Fault: Insights from an integrated paleoseismological data set. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 115:B09316. doi:10.1029/2009JB006982

  • Fraser JG, Hubert Ferrari A, Verbeeck K, Garcia-Moreno D, Avşar U, Maricq N, Coudijzer A, Vlamynck N, Venneste K (2012) A 3000-year record of surface-rupturing earthquakes at Günalan: variable fault-rupture lengths along the 1939 Erzincan earthquake-rupture segment of the North Anatolian Fault, Turkey. Ann Geophys 55:895–927. doi:10.4401/ag-4884

    Google Scholar 

  • Goes SDB (1996) Irregular recurrence of large earthquakes: an analysis of historic and paleoseismic catalogs. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 101:5739–5749. doi:10.1029/95JB03044

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartleb RD, Dolan JF, Akyüz HS, Yerli B (2003) A 2000-year-long paleoseismologic record of earthquakes along the central North Anatolian Fault, from trenches at Alayurt, Turkey. Bull Seismol Soc Am 93:1935–1954

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartleb RD, Dolan JF, Kozacı Ö, Akyüz HS, Seitz GG (2006) A 2500-yr-long paleoseismologic record of large, infrequent earthquakes on the North Anatolian fault at Çukurçimen, Turkey. Geol Soc Am Bull 118:823–840

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herece A, Akay E (2003) Kuzey Anadolu Fay (KAF) Atlası/Atlas of North Anatolian Fault (NAF). Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Özel Yayın, Ser. 2, Ankara, p 61

  • Hitchcock C, Altunel E, Barka AA, Bachhuber J, Lettis W, Kozacı Ö, Helms J, Lindvall S (2003) Timing of late Holocene earthquakes on the eastern Duzce Fault and implications for slip transfer between the southern and northern strands of the North Anatolian fault system, Bolu, Turkey. Turk J Earth Sci 12:119–136

    Google Scholar 

  • Hubert-Ferrari A, Avşar U, El Ouahabi M, Lepoint G, Martinez P, Fagel N (2012) Paleoseismic record obtained by coring a sag-pond along the North Anatolian Fault (Turkey). Ann Geophys 55:929–953

  • Hubert-Ferrari A, Armijo R, King G, Meyer B, Barka A (2002) Morphology, displacement, and slip rates along the North Anatolian Fault, Turkey. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 107:2235. doi:10.1029/2001JB000393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hubert-Ferrari A, King G, Woerd JVD, Villa I, Altunel E, Armijo R (2009) Long-term evolution of the North Anatolian Fault: new constraints from its eastern termination. Geol Soc Lond, Spec Publ 311:133–154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda Y, Suzuki Y, Herece E, Şaroğlu F, Işıkara AM, Honkura Y (1991) Geological evidence for the last two faulting events on the North Anatolian fault zone in the Mudurnu Valley, western Turkey. Tectonophysics 193:335–345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jarvis A, Reuter HI, Nelson A, Guevara E (2008) Hole-filled seamless SRTM data V4. In: International Center for Tropical Agriculture, http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org/

  • Ketin İ (1948) Über die tektonisch-mechanischen Folgerungen aus den großen anatolischen Erdbeben des letzten Dezenniums. Geol Rundsch 36:77–83. doi:10.1007/BF01791916

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ketin İ (1969) Kuzey Anadolu Fayı Hakkında. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Dergisi 72:1–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Klinger Y, Sieh K, Altunel E, Akoğlu A, Barka AA, Dawson TE, Gonzalez T, Meltzner AJ, Rockwell TK (2003) Paleoseismic evidence of characteristic slip on the western segment of the North Anatolian Fault, Turkey. Bull Seismol Soc Am 93:2317–2332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kondo H, Awata Y, Emre O, Dogan A, Ozalp S, Tokay F, Yildirim C, Yoshioka T, Okumura K (2005) Slip distribution, fault geometry, and fault segmentation of the 1944 Bolu-Gerede earthquake rupture, North Anatolian Fault, Turkey. Bull Seismol Soc Am 95:1234–1249

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kondo H, Kürçer A, Özalp S, Emre Ö (2009) Non-characteristic recurrence behavior on the 1942 Niksar-Erbaa earthquake rupture along the North Anatolian fault system, Turkey. In: European Geoscience Union General Assembly—Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vienna, pp EGU2009–7712–2002

  • Kondo H, Kurçer A, Özalp S, Emre Ö (2010a) Flexible slip history on the 1942 Erbaa-Niksar earthquake rupture along the North Anatolian fault system, Turkey. In: European Geoscience Union General Assembly—Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vienna, pp EGU2010–3087

  • Kondo H, Özaksoy V, Yıldirim C (2010b) Slip history of the 1944 Bolu-Gerede earthquake rupture along the North Anatolian fault system: implications for recurrence behavior of multisegment earthquakes. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 115:B04316. doi:10.1029/2009JB006413

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kozacı Ö, Dolan JF, Yönlü Ö, Hartleb RD (2011) Paleoseismologic evidence for the relatively regular recurrence of infrequent, large-magnitude earthquakes on the eastern North Anatolian fault at Yaylabeli, Turkey. Lithosphere 3:37–54. doi:10.1130/l118.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McHugh CMG, Seeber L, Cormier M-H, Dutton J, Cağatay N, Polonia A, Ryan WBF, Görür N (2006) Submarine earthquake geology along the North Anatolia Fault in the Marmara Sea, Turkey; a model for transform basin sedimentation. Earth Planet Sci Lett 248:661–684

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McHugh CMG, Braudy N, Çağatay MN, Sorlien C, Cormier M-H, Seeber L, Henry P (2014) Seafloor fault ruptures along the North Anatolia Fault in the Marmara Sea, Turkey: link with the adjacent basin turbidite record. Mar Geol 353:65–83. doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2014.03.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meghraoui M, Aksoy ME, Akyüz HS, Ferry M, Dikbaş A, Altunel E (2012) Paleoseismology of the North Anatolian Fault at Güzelköy (Ganos segment, Turkey): size and recurrence time of earthquake ruptures west of the Sea of Marmara. Geochem Geophys Geosyst 13:Q04005. doi:10.1029/2011GC003960

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okumura K, Yoshioka T, Kuşçu İ, Nakamura T, Suzuki Y (1994) Recent surface faulting on the North Anatolian Fault east of Erzincan Basin, Turkey—a trenching survey. In: Summaries of Researches using AMS at Nagoya University, Nagoya, pp 32–48

  • Palyvos N, Pantosti D, Zabcı C, D'Addezio G (2007) Paleoseismological evidence of recent earthquakes on the 1967 Mudurnu Valley earthquake segment of the North Anatolian Fault zone. Bull Seismol Soc Am 97:1646–1661. doi:10.1785/0120060049

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pantosti D, Pucci S, Palyvos N, Martini PMD, D'Addezio G, Collins PEF, Zabcı C (2008) Paleoearthquakes of the Duzce fault (North Anatolian Fault Zone): insights for large surface faulting earthquake recurrence. J Geophys Res 113:B01309–B01309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Philip H, Cisternas A, Gvishiani A, Gorshkov A (1989) The Caucasus: an actual example of the initial stages of continental collision. Tectonophysics 161:1–21. doi:10.1016/0040-1951(89)90297-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reilinger R, McClusky S, Vernant P, Lawrence S, Ergintav S, Cakmak R, Ozener H, Kadirov F, Guliev I, Stepanyan R, Nadariya M, Hahubia G, Mahmoud S, Sakr K, ArRajehi A, Paradissis D, Al-Aydrus A, Prilepin M, Guseva T, Evren E, Dmitrotsa A, Filikov SV, Gomez F, Al-Ghazzi R, Karam G (2006) GPS constraints on continental deformation in the Africa-Arabia-Eurasia continental collision zone and implications for the dynamics of plate interactions. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 111:B05411. doi:10.1029/2005JB004051

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reimer PJ, Bard E, Bayliss A, Beck JW, Blackwell PG, Bronk Ramsey C, Buck CE, Cheng H, Edwards RL, Friedrich M, Grootes PM, Guilderson TP, Haflidason H, Hajdas I, Hatté C, Heaton TJ, Hoffmann DL, Hogg AG, Hughen KA, Kaiser KF, Kromer B, Manning SW, Niu M, Reimer RW, Richards DA, Scott EM, Southon JR, Staff RA, Turney CSM, van der Plicht J (2013) IntCal13 and Marine13 radiocarbon age calibration curves 0–50,000 years cal BP. Radiocarbon 55(4):1869–1887

  • Rockwell T (2010) The non-regularity of earthquake recurrence in California: lessons from long paleoseismic records from the San Andreas and San Jacinto faults in Southern California, and the North Anatolian Fault in Turkey. In: Fifth International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics and Symposium in Honor of Professor I. M. Idriss, San Diego, California, pp Paper no. EQ 5 1–9

  • Rockwell T, Barka A, Dawson T, Akyuz S, Thorup K (2001) Paleoseismology of the Gazikoy-Saros segment of the North Anatolia fault, northwestern Turkey: comparison of the historical and paleoseismic records, implications of regional seismic hazard, and models of earthquake recurrence. J Seismol 5:433–448

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rockwell T, Regona D, Seitz G, Langridge R, Aksoy ME, Uçarkuş G, Ferry M, Meltzner AJ, Meghraoui M, Satir D, Barka A, Akbalık B (2009) Paleoseismology of the North Anatolian Fault near the Marmara Sea: implications for fault segmentation and seismic hazard. In: Reicherter K, Michetti AM, Silva PG (eds) Paleoseismology: historical and prehistorical records of earthquake ground effects for seismic hazard assessment. The Geological Society, London, pp 31–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Rockwell TK, Dawson TE, Young Ben-Horin J, Seitz G (2015) A 21-event, 4,000-year history of surface ruptures in the Anza seismic gap, San Jacinto Fault, and implications for long-term earthquake production on a major plate boundary fault. Pure Appl Geophys 172:1143–1165. doi:10.1007/s00024-014-0955-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Şaroğlu F, Emre Ö, Kuşçu İ (1992) Türkiye Diri Fay Haritasi (Active fault map of Turkey), scale 1:2000000, one sheet. In: Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara

  • Schwartz D, Coppersmith K (1984) Fault behavior and characteristic earthquakes: examples from the Wasatch and San Andreas fault zones. J Geophys Res 89(B7):5681–5698

  • Şengör AMC (1979) The North Anatolian transform fault; its age, offset and tectonic significance. J Geol Soc Lond 136(Part 3):269–282

    Google Scholar 

  • Şengör AMC (1980) Türkiye'nin neotektoniğinin esasları (Principles of the Neotectonism of Turkey). Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu Konferans Serisi, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Şengör AMC (2017) Diversion of river courses across major strike-slip faults and keirogens. In: Çemen İ, Yılmaz Y (eds) Active global seismology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hobeken, pp 93–101

  • Şengör AMC, Natal'in BA (2001) Rifts of the world. Geol Soc Am Spec Pap 352:389–482

    Google Scholar 

  • Şengör AMC, Zabcı C (2017) The north Anatolian fault and the north Anatolian shear zone. In: Kuzucuoğlu C, Çiner A, Kazancı N (eds) Landscapes and landforms of Turkey. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Şengör AMC, Görür N, Şaroğlu F (1985) Strike-slip faulting and related basin formation in zones of tectonic escape: Turkey as a case study. In: Biddle KT, Christie-Blick N (eds) Strike-slip deformation, basin formation, and sedimentation. Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Spec. Publ. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Oklahoma, pp 227–264

    Google Scholar 

  • Şengör AMC, Tüysüz O, İmren C, Sakınç M, Eyidoğan H, Görür N, Le Pichon X, Rangin C (2005) The north Anatolian fault: a new look. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 33:37–112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Şengör AMC, Grall C, İmren C, Le Pichon X, Görür N, Henry P, Karabulut H, Siyako M (2014) The geometry of the North Anatolian transform fault in the Sea of Marmara and its temporal evolution: implications for the development of intracontinental transform faults. Can J Earth Sci 51:222–242. doi:10.1139/cjes-2013-0160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sieh K, Stuiver M, Brillinger D (1989) A more precise chronology of earthquakes produced by the San Andreas Fault in Southern California. J Geophys Res 94:603–623

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stein RS, Barka AA, Dieterich JH (1997) Progressive failure on the North Anatolian fault since 1939 by earthquake stress triggering. Geophys J Int 128:594–604

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stuiver M, Quay PD (1980) Changes in atmospheric carbon-14 attributed to a variable sun. Science 207:11–19. doi:10.1126/science.207.4426.11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suess HE (1965) Secular variations of the cosmic-ray-produced carbon 14 in the atmosphere and their interpretations. J Geophys Res 70(23):5937–5952

  • Sugai T, Emre O, Duman TY, Yoshioka T, Kuscu I (1999) Geologic evidence for five large earthquakes on the North Anatolian Fault at Ilgaz, during the last 2000 years; a result of GSJ-MTA international cooperative research. In: Satake K, Schwartz DP (eds) The Paleoseismology Workshop. USGS Open-File Report 99-400, Tsukuba, pp 66–72

  • Sugai T, Awata Y, Toda S, Emre O, Dogan A, Ozalp S, Haraguchi T, Kinoshita H, Takada K, Yamaguchi M (2001) Paleoseismic investigation of the 1999 Duzce earthquake fault at Lake Efteni, North Anatolian fault system, Turkey. Annual Report on Active Fault and Paleoearthquake Researches 1:339–351

    Google Scholar 

  • Tatar Y (1978) Tectonic investigations on the North Anatolian Fault Zone between Erzincan and Refahiye. Publ Inst Earth Sci Hacettepe Univ 4:136–201

    Google Scholar 

  • Tatar O, Poyraz F, Gürsoy H, Cakir Z, Ergintav S, Akpınar Z, Koçbulut F, Sezen F, Türk T, Hastaoğlu KÖ, Polat A, Mesci BL, Gürsoy Ö, Ayazlı İE, Çakmak R, Belgen A, Yavaşoğlu H (2012) Crustal deformation and kinematics of the eastern part of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (Turkey) from GPS measurements. Tectonophysics 518–521:55–62. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2011.11.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thatcher W (1984) The earthquake deformation cycle, recurrence, and the time-predictable model. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 89:5674–5680. doi:10.1029/JB089iB07p05674

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thatcher W (1990) Order and diversity in the modes of Circum-Pacific Earthquake recurrence. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 95:2609–2623. doi:10.1029/JB095iB03p02609

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vardar D, Öztürk K, Yaltırak C, Alpar B, Tur H (2014) Late Pleistocene–Holocene evolution of the southern Marmara shelf and sub-basins: middle strand of the North Anatolian fault, southern Marmara Sea, Turkey. Mar Geophys Res 35:69–85. doi:10.1007/s11001-013-9210-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace RE (1987) Grouping and migration of surface faulting and variations in slip rates on faults in the Great Basin province. Bull Seismol Soc Am 77:868–876

    Google Scholar 

  • Walters RJ, Holley RJ, Parsons B, Wright TJ (2011) Interseismic strain accumulation across the North Anatolian Fault from Envisat InSAR measurements. Geophys Res Lett 38:L05303. doi:10.1029/2010GL046443

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walters RJ, Parsons B, Wright TJ (2014) Constraining crustal velocity fields with InSAR for Eastern Turkey: limits to the block-like behavior of Eastern Anatolia. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 119:5215–5234. doi:10.1002/2013JB010909

    Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler N, Rockwell TK, Klinger Y, Štěpančíková P, Kanari M, Marco S, Agnon A (2014) A paleoseismic record of earthquakes for the Dead Sea transform fault between the first and seventh centuries C.E.: Nonperiodic behavior of a plate boundary fault. Bull Seismol Soc Am 104:1329–1347

  • Weldon R, Schrarer K, Fumal T, Biasi G (2004) Wrightwood and the earthquake cycle: what a long recurrence record tells us about how fault works. GSA Today 14:4–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wells DL, Coppersmith KJ (1994) New empirical relationships among magnitude, rupture length, rupture width, rupture area, and surface displacement. Bull Seismol Soc Am 84:974–1002

    Google Scholar 

  • Wessel P, Smith WHF, Scharroo R, Luis J, Wobbe F (2013) Generic mapping tools: improved version released. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 94:409–410. doi:10.1002/2013EO450001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yaltırak C, İşler EB, Aksu AE, Hiscott RN (2012) Evolution of the Bababurnu Basin and shelf of the Biga Peninsula: western extension of the middle strand of the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Northeast Aegean Sea, Turkey. J Asian Earth Sci 57:103–119. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.06.016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshioka T, Okumura K, Kuscu I, Emre O (2000) Recent surface faulting of the North Anatolian Fault along the 1943 Ladik earthquake ruptures. Bull Geol Surv Jpn 51:29–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Zabcı C, Akyüz HS, Karabacak V, Sançar T, Altunel E, Gürsoy H, Tatar O (2011) Palaeoearthquakes on the Kelkit Valley segment of the North Anatolian Fault, Turkey: implications for the surface rupture of the historical 17 August 1668 earthquake. Turk J Earth Sci 20:411–427

    Google Scholar 

  • Zabcı C, Sançar T, Akyüz HS, Kıyak NG (2015) Spatial slip behavior of large strike-slip fault belts: implications for the Holocene slip rates of the eastern termination of the North Anatolian Fault, Turkey. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 120:8591–8609. doi:10.1002/2015JB011874

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study is supported by TÜBİTAK grant no. 106Y174 and İTÜ BAP no. 31285. We wish to thank all local authorities, particularly to the former governor of the Yedisu town Mr. İlker Özerk Özcan, for their support, land owner for giving us permission to excavate his land and people of Balaban Sarıkaya, especially to Gülabi Amca, for their great hospitality. Pınar Gutsuz assisted some parts of the field studies. We are also very grateful to the editor Dr. Mariano Garcia-Fernandez and an anonymous reviewer, who significantly improved the content of this paper. Some of figures were made by using the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) software (Wessel et al. 2013).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Maden Fakültesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Ayazağa Yerleşkesi, Maslak, 34469, İstanbul, Turkey

    Cengiz Zabcı & H. Serdar Akyüz

  2. Mühendislik Fakültesi, Jeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, Munzur Üniversitesi, Aktuluk Yerleşkesi, Aktuluk, 62000, Tunceli, Turkey

    Taylan Sançar

Authors
  1. Cengiz Zabcı
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. H. Serdar Akyüz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Taylan Sançar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cengiz Zabcı.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zabcı, C., Akyüz, H.S. & Sançar, T. Palaeoseismic history of the eastern part of the North Anatolian Fault (Erzincan, Turkey): Implications for the seismicity of the Yedisu seismic gap. J Seismol 21, 1407–1425 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-017-9673-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-017-9673-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation