Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Little Ice Age flood events recorded in sag pond sediments in the Carrizo Plains National Monument, California

  • Original paper
  • Published:
Journal of Paleolimnology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In California, severe precipitation events (SPEs) are often associated with winter season atmospheric rivers. These SPEs can generate hurricane-scale precipitation, creating a variety of natural hazards such as floods and landslides. For California, the most complete SPE-flood record yet generated is a 9000-year paleoflood reconstruction from the Santa Barbara Basin (Du et al. in Mar Geol 397:29–42, 2018). Finding terrestrial counterparts to compare to the Santa Barbara Basin is a challenge in Southern California where lake basins are rare and the terrestrial spatiotemporal signature of SPE floods remains largely unconstrained. Here, we present five 1–2 m sediment cores from a sag pond along the San Andreas Fault in the southern Carrizo Plain. The most complete record (core CLPC21-4) was selected for a variety of chronological, sedimentological, and biological analyses. Principal Component Analysis on these data reveals two end member sediment unit types: event versus ambient sedimentation. We focus on the two thickest sediment units likely generated by SPEs. These two units (EU 1 and EU 2) are especially distinct within CLPC21-4, characterized by erosive bases, above average sand content, normal grading, low magnetic susceptibility, and low total organic matter. Moreover, they are visually apparent across all five cores within the sag pond and thin from source to sink. Age control for the two units is constrained by AMS 14C dates on discrete organic materials and supported by the identification of Erodium’s first appearance ca. 1750–1765 CE in the Santa Barbara region. Using these age constraints, we infer the maximum limiting age range for Event Unit 1 from 1470 to 1640 CE and Event Unit 2 from 1740 to 1800 CE. Within the limits of dating, site-specific proxy sensitivities, and inherent meteorological heterogeneity, we propose a probable correlation to Santa Barbara Basin flood events at 1525 CE and 1760 CE. Our results suggest that sag ponds may represent a viable and untapped paleoclimatic archive for California. Future work will focus on a latitudinal series of sag ponds to determine the spatiotemporal sequence and correlativity of SPEs in the sediment record.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Akciz SO, Ludwig LG, Arrowsmith JR, Zielke O (2010) Century-long average time intervals between earthquake ruptures of the San Andreas fault in the Carrizo Plain, California. Geology 38:787–790

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson RY (1977) Short-term sedimentation response in lakes in western United States as measured by automated sampling. Limnol Oceanogr 22:423–433

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bailey HP (1966) The climate of Southern California. University of California Press, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett K, Willis K (2002) Pollen. In: Tracking environmental change using lake sediments, pp 5–32

  • Bevis M, Hudnut K (2005) B4 lidar project: airborne laser swath mapping (ALSM) survey of the San Andreas Fault (SAF) system of central and southern California, including the Banning segment of the SAF and the San Jacinto fault system. National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping (NCALM), U.S. Geological Survey, the Ohio State University, and the Southern California Integrated GPS Project. Distributed by OpenTopography. https://doi.org/10.5066/F7TQ5ZQ6. Accessed: 2023-11-07

  • Bird BW, Lei Y, Perello M, Polissar PJ, Yao T, Finney B, Bain D, Pompeani D, Thompson LG (2017) Late-Holocene Indian summer monsoon variability revealed from a 3300-year-long lake sediment record from Nir’pa Co, southeastern Tibet. The Holocene 27:541–552

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blais JM, Kalff J (1995) The influence of lake morphometry on sediment focusing. Limnol Oceanogr 40:582–588

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowman D, Korjenkov A, Porat N (2004) Late-Pleistocene seismites from Lake Issyk-Kul, the Tien Shan range, Kyrghyzstan. Sed Geol 163:211–228

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bronk Ramsey C (2021) OxCal v4. 4.4. Retrieved from https://c14.arch.ox.ac.uk/oxcal.html

  • Brown S, Bierman P, Lini A, Davis PT, Southon J (2002) Reconstructing lake and drainage basin history using terrestrial sediment layers: analysis of cores from a post-glacial lake in New England, USA. J Paleolimnol 28:219–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buck-Diaz J, Evens J (2011) Carrizo Plain National Monument vegetation classification and mapping project. California Native Plant Society, California

    Google Scholar 

  • Castello AF, Shelton ML (2004) Winter precipitation on the US Pacific coast and El Nino-Southern oscillation events. Int J Climatol 24:481–497

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cayan DR, Dettinger MD, Diaz HF, Graham NE (1998) Decadal variability of precipitation over western North America. J Clim 11:3148–3166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cayan DR, Peterson DH (1989) The influence of North Pacific atmospheric circulation on streamflow in the west. In: Peterson DH (ed) Aspects of climate variability in the Pacific and the Western Americas. Geophysical Monograph Series, AGU, pp 375–397

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiang JC, Friedman AR (2012) Extratropical cooling, interhemispheric thermal gradients, and tropical climate change. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 40:383–412

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke KR, Somerfield PJ, Gorley RN (2008) Testing of null hypotheses in exploratory community analyses: similarity profiles and biota-environment linkage. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 366:56–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Corbosiero KL, Dickinson MJ, Bosart LF (2009) The contribution of eastern North Pacific tropical cyclones to the rainfall climatology of the southwest United States. Mon Weather Rev 137(8):2415–2435

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Corringham TW, Ralph FM, Gershunov A, Cayan DR, Talbot CA (2019) Atmospheric rivers drive flood damages in the western United States. Sci Adv 5:eaax4631

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Corringham TW, McCarthy J, Shulgina T, Gershunov A, Cayan DR, Ralph FM (2022) Climate change contributions to future atmospheric river flood damages in the western United States. Sci Rep 12:13747

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Covault JA, Romans BW, Fildani A, McGann M, Graham SA (2010) Rapid climatic signal propagation from source to sink in a southern California sediment-routing system. J Geol 118:247–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cvijanovic I, Santer BD, Bonfils C, Lucas DD, Chiang JC, Zimmerman S (2017) Future loss of Arctic sea-ice cover could drive a substantial decrease in California’s rainfall. Nat Commun 8:1–10

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis MB, Ford MS (1982) Sediment focusing in Mirror Lake, New Hampshire. Limnol Oceanogr 27:137–150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dean WE (1974) Determination of carbonate and organic matter in calcareous sedimentary rocks by loss on ignition: comparison with other methods. J Sediment Petrol 44:242–248

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dearing J (1991) Lake sediment records of erosional processes, environmental history and palaeolimnology. Springer, Netherlands, pp 99–106

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Dearing J (1997) Sedimentary indicators of lake-level changes in the humid temperate zone: a critical review. J Paleolimnol 18:1–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dettinger M (2011) Climate change, atmospheric rivers, and floods in California—a multimodel analysis of storm frequency and magnitude changes. JAWRA J Am Water Resour Assoc 47:514–523

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dettinger MD, Ralph FM, Das T, Neiman PJ, Cayan DR (2011) Atmospheric rivers, floods and the water resources of California. Water 3:445–478

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Du X, Hendy I, Schimmelmann A (2018) A 9000-year flood history for Southern California: a revised stratigraphy of varved sediments in Santa Barbara Basin. Mar Geol 397:29–42

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Du X, Hendy I, Hinnov L, Brown E, Zhu J, Poulsen CJ (2021) High-resolution interannual precipitation reconstruction of Southern California: implications for holocene ENSO evolution. Earth Planet Sci Lett 554:116670

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ely LL (1997) Response of extreme floods in the southwestern United States to climatic variations in the late Holocene. Geomorphology 19:175–201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Engstrom WN (1996) The California Storm of January 1862. Quat Res 46:141–148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Enzel Y, Brown WJ, Anderson RY, McFadden LD, Wells SG (1992) Short-duration Holocene lakes in the Mojave River drainage basin, Southern California. Quat Res 38:60–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Faegri K, Kaland PE, Krzywinski K (1989) Textbook of pollen analysis, 4th edn. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Gershunov A, Shulgina T, Clemesha RE, Guirguis K, Pierce DW, Dettinger MD, Lavers DA, Cayan DR, Polade SD, Kalansky J (2019) Precipitation regime change in Western North America: the role of atmospheric rivers. Sci Rep 9:9944

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grant Ludwig L, Akciz SO, Noriega GR, Zielke O, Arrowsmith JR (2010) Climate-modulated channel incision and rupture history of the San Andreas Fault in the Carrizo Plain. Science 327:1117–1119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gray AB, Pasternack GB, Watson EB, Warrick JA, Goñi MA (2015) The effect of El Niño Southern Oscillation cycles on the decadal scale suspended sediment behavior of a coastal dry-summer subtropical catchment. Earth Surf Proc Land 40:272–284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Håkanson L, Jansson M (1983) Principles of lake sedimentology. Springer, Berlin

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hanson RT, Dettinger MD, Newhouse MW (2006) Relations between climatic variability and hydrologic time series from four alluvial basins across the southwestern United States. Hydrogeol J 14:1122–1146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris SM, Carvalho LMV (2017) Characteristics of southern California atmospheric rivers. In: Theoretical and applied climatology

  • Haug GH, Hughen KA, Sigman DM, Peterson LC, Rohl U (2001) Southward migration of the intertropical convergence zone through the Holocene. Science 293:1304–1308

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hendy IL, Dunn L, Schimmelmann A, Pak D (2013) Resolving varve and radiocarbon chronology differences during the last 2000 years in the Santa Barbara Basin sedimentary record, California. Quat Int 310:155–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hendy IL, Napier TJ, Schimmelmann A (2015) From extreme rainfall to drought: 250 years of annually resolved sediment deposition in Santa Barbara Basin, California. Quat Int 387:3–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hilton J (1985) A conceptual framework for predicting the occurrence of sediment focusing and sediment redistribution in Small Lakes. Limnol Oceanogr 30:1131–1143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hiner CA, Kirby ME, Bonuso N, Patterson WP, Palermo J, Silveira E (2016) Late Holocene hydroclimatic variability linked to Pacific forcing: evidence from Abbott Lake, coastal central California. J Paleolimnol 56:299–313

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Honke JS, Pigati JS, Wilson J, Bright J, Goldstein HL, Skipp GL, Reheis MC, Havens JC (2019) Late Quaternary paleohydrology of desert wetlands and pluvial lakes in the Soda Lake basin, central Mojave Desert, California (USA). Quat Sci Rev 216:89–106

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang X, Swain DL (2022) Climate change is increasing the risk of a California megaflood. Sci Adv 8:eabq0995

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang X, Swain DL, Hall AD (2020) Future precipitation increase from very high resolution ensemble downscaling of extreme atmospheric river storms in California. Sci Adv 6:eaba1323

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirby ME, Lund SP, Patterson WP, Anderson MA, Bird BW, Ivanovici L, Monarrez P, Nielsen S (2010) A Holocene record of Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)-related hydrologic variability in Southern California (Lake Elsinore, CA). J Paleolimnol 44:819–839

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirby ME, Zimmerman SRH, Patterson WP, Rivera JJ (2012) A 9170-year record of decadal-to-multi-centennial scale pluvial episodes from the coastal Southwest United States: a role for atmospheric rivers? Quat Sci Rev 46:57–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirby ME, Feakins SJ, Hiner CA, Fantozzi J, Zimmerman SRH, Dingemans T, Mensing SA (2014) Tropical Pacific forcing of Late-Holocene hydrologic variability in the coastal southwest United States. Quat Sci Rev 102:27–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirby ME, Knell EJ, Anderson WT, Lachniet MS, Palermo J, Eeg H, Lucero R, Murrieta R, Arevalo A, Silveira E, Hiner CA (2015) Evidence for insolation and Pacific forcing of late glacial through Holocene climate in the Central Mojave Desert (Silver Lake, CA). Quat Res 84:174–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirby M, Heusser L, Scholz C, Ramezan R, Anderson M, Markle B, Rhodes E, Glover K, Fantozzi J, Hiner C (2018) A late Wisconsin (32–10k cal a BP) history of pluvials, droughts and vegetation in the Pacific south-west United States (Lake Elsinore, CA). J Quat Sci 33:238–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirby M, Patterson W, Ivanovici L, Sandquist D, Glover K (2021) Evidence for a large middle Holocene flood event in the Pacific southwestern United States (Lake Elsinore, California), From Saline to Freshwater: The Diversity of Western Lakes in Space and Time, Editors: Scott W. Starratt, Michael R. Rosen, GSA Special Paper 536:143–155

  • Kirby M, Barbosa J, Carlin J, MacDonald G, Leidelmeijer J, Bonuso N, Han J, Nauman B, Avila J, Woodward A (2023) Holocene hydroclimatic variability recorded in sediments from Maddox Lake (northern California Coast Range). Quat Res 115:1–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Konrad CP, Dettinger MD (2017) Flood runoff in relation to water vapor transport by atmospheric rivers over the western United States, 1949–2015. Geophys Res Lett 44:11456–411462

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koutavas A, Joanides S (2012) El Niño-Southern Oscillation extrema in the Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum. Paleoceanography 27:PA4208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lapointe F, Bradley RS (2021) Little Ice Age abruptly triggered by intrusion of Atlantic waters into the Nordic Seas. Sci Adv 7:eabi8230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leidelmeijer JA, Kirby MEC, MacDonald G, Carlin JA, Avila J, Han J, Nauman B, Loyd S, Nichols K, Ramezan R (2021) Younger Dryas to early Holocene (12.9 to 8.1 ka) limnological and hydrological change at Barley Lake, California (northern California Coast Range). Quat Res 103:1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loisel J, MacDonald GM, Thomson MJ (2017) Little Ice Age climatic erraticism as an analogue for future enhanced hydroclimatic variability across the American Southwest. PLoS ONE 12:e0186282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald GM, Kremenetski KV, Hidalgo HG (2008) Southern California and the perfect drought: Simultaneous prolonged drought in southern California and the Sacramento and Colorado River systems. Quat Int 188:11–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald GM, Moser KA, Bloom AM, Potito AP, Porinchu DF, Holmquist JR, Hughes J, Kremenetski KV (2016) Prolonged California aridity linked to climate warming and Pacific sea surface temperature. Sci Rep 6

  • Masson-Delmotte V, Schulz M, Abe-Ouchi A, Beer J, Ganopolski A, Rouco JFG, Jansen E, Lambeck K, Luterbacher J, Naish T, Osborn T, Otto-Bliesner B, Quinn T, Ramesh R, Rojas M, Shao X, Timmermann A (2013) Information from Paleoclimate Archives. In: Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner G-K, Tignor M, Allen SK, Boschung J, Nauels A, Xia Y, Bex V, Midgley PM (eds) Climate change 2013: the physical science basis. Contribution of working group i to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York

  • Masters PM (2006) Holocene sand beaches of southern California: ENSO forcing and coastal processes on millennial scales. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 232:73–95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McPherson JG, Shanmugam G, Moiola RJ (1987) Fan-deltas and braid deltas: varieties of coarse-grained deltas. Geol Soc Am Bull 99(3):331–340

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meko DM, Woodhouse CA, Bigio ER (2017) Southern California Tree-Ring Study. Final Report to California Department of Water Resources

  • Mensing S, Byrne R (1998) Pre-mission invasion of Erodium cicutarium in California. J Biogeogr 25:757–762

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Migowski C, Agnon A, Bookman R, Negendank JF, Stein M (2004) Recurrence pattern of Holocene earthquakes along the Dead Sea transform revealed by varve-counting and radiocarbon dating of lacustrine sediments. Earth Planet Sci Lett 222:301–314

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller DM, Schmidt KM, Mahan SA, McGeehin JP, Owen LA, Barron JA, Lehmkuhl F, Lohrer R (2010) Holocene landscape response to seasonality of storms in the Mojave Desert. Quat Int 215:45–61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Montenat C, Barrier P, Hibsch C (2007) Seismites: An attempt at critical analysis and classification. Sed Geol 196:5–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Payne AE, Demory M-E, Leung LR, Ramos AM, Shields CA, Rutz JJ, Siler N, Villarini G, Hall A, Ralph FM (2020) Responses and impacts of atmospheric rivers to climate change. Nat Rev Earth Environ 1:143–157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Polade SD, Gershunov A, Cayan DR, Dettinger MD, Pierce DW (2017) Precipitation in a warming world: assessing projected hydro-climate changes in California and other Mediterranean climate regions. Sci Rep 7:10783

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Porter K, Wein A, Alpers C, Baez A, Barnard P, Carter J, Corsi A, Costner J, Cox D, Das T, Dettinger M, Done J, Eadie C, Eymann M, Ferris J, Gunturi P, Hughes M, Jarrett R, Johnson L, Dam Le-Griffin H, Mitchell D, Morman S, Neiman P, Olsen A, Perry S, Plumlee G, Ralph M, Reynolds D, Rose A, Schaefer K, Serakos J, Siembieda W, Stock J, Strong D, Sue Wing I, Tang A, Thomas P, Topping K, Wills C, Jones L (2011) Overview of the ARkStorm scenario, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, p 183

  • Pribyl P, Shuman BN (2017) A computational approach to Quaternary lake-level reconstruction applied in the central Rocky Mountains, Wyoming, USA. Quat Res 82:249–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ralph FM, Dettinger MD (2011) Storms, floods, and the science of atmospheric rivers. EOS Trans Am Geophys Union 92:265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reimer PJ, Austin WEN, Bard E, Bayliss A, Blackwell PG, Bronk Ramsey C, Butzin M, Cheng H, Edwards RL, Friedrich M, Grootes PM, Guilderson TP, Hajdas I, Heaton TJ, Hogg AG, Hughen KA, Kromer B, Manning SW, Muscheler R, Palmer JG, Pearson C, van der Plicht J, Reimer RW, Richards DA, Scott EM, Southon JR, Turney CSM, Wacker L, Adolphi F, Büntgen U, Capano M, Fahrni SM, Fogtmann-Schulz A, Friedrich R, Köhler P, Kudsk S, Miyake F, Olsen J, Reinig F, Sakamoto M, Sookdeo A, Talamo S (2020) The IntCal20 Northern hemisphere radiocarbon age calibration curve (0–55 cal kBP). Radiocarbon 62:725–757

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds LC, Simms AR, Ejarque A, King B, Anderson RS, Carlin JA, Bentz JM, Rockwell TK, Peters R (2018) Coastal flooding and the 1861–2 California storm season. Mar Geol 400:49–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Romans BW, Normark WR, McGann MM, Covault JA, Graham SA (2009) Coarse-grained sediment delivery and distribution in the Holocene Santa Monica Basin, California: implications for evaluating source-to-sink flux at millennial time scales. Geol Soc Am Bull 121:1394–1408

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rustic GT, Koutavas A, Marchitto TM, Linsley BK (2015) Dynamical excitation of the tropical Pacific Ocean and ENSO variability by Little Ice Age cooling. Science 350:1537–1541

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sabatier P, Moernaut J, Bertrand S, Van Daele M, Kremer K, Chaumillon E, Arnaud F (2022) A review of event deposits in lake sediments. Quaternary 5:34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarno CT, Benitez-Nelson CR, Ziolkowski LA, Hendy IL, Davis CV, Tappa EJ, Thunell RC (2020) The impacts of flood, drought, and turbidites on organic carbon burial over the past 2,000 years in the Santa Barbara Basin, California. Paleoceanogr Paleoclimatol 35:e2020PA003849

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schimmelmann A, Zhao M, Harvey CC, Lange CB (1998) A large California flood and correlative global climatic events 400 years ago. Quat Res 49:51–61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shuman BN, Serravezza M (2017) Patterns of hydroclimatic change in the Rocky Mountains and surrounding regions since the last glacial maximum. Quat Sci Rev 173:58–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slawinska J, Robock A (2018) Impact of volcanic eruptions on decadal to centennial fluctuations of Arctic sea ice extent during the last millennium and on initiation of the Little Ice Age. J Clim 31:2145–2167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith SG, Wegmann KW, Leithold EL, Bohnenstiehl DR (2019) A 4000-year record of hydrologic variability from the Olympic Mountains, Washington, USA. The Holocene 29:1273–1291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Somerfield PJ, Clarke KR (2013) Inverse analysis in non-parametric multivariate analyses: distinguishing groups of associated species which covary coherently across samples. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 449:261–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stuiver M, Polach HA (1977) Discussion reporting of 14C data. Radiocarbon 19:355–363

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swain DL, Langenbrunner B, Neelin JD, Hall A (2018) Increasing precipitation volatility in twenty-first-century California. Nat Clim Chang 8:427–433

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wentworth CK (1922) A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments. J Geol 30:377–392

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilhelm B, Arnaud F, Enters D, Allignol F, Legaz A, Magand O, Révillon S, Giguet-Covex C, Malet E (2012) Does global warming favour the occurrence of extreme floods in European Alps? First evidences from a NW Alps proglacial lake sediment record. Clim Change 113:563–581

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wise EK (2010) Spatiotemporal variability of the precipitation dipole transition zone in the western United States. Geophys Res Lett 37:L07706

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wise EK (2016) Five centuries of US West Coast drought: occurrence, spatial distribution, and associated atmospheric circulation patterns. Geophys Res Lett 43:4539–4546

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the indigenous lands of the Kuyam, Yokuts, Salinan, and Chumash where this research was conducted (native-land.ca). Thank you to the BLM for site access and assistance with the research request and site access.

Funding

This research was supported by the Southern California Earthquake Center (Contribution No. 13320). SCEC is funded by NSF Cooperative Agreement EAR-1600087 & USGS Cooperative Agreement G17AC00047.This project was also supported by Project RAISE, U.S. Department of Education HSI-STEM award number P031C160152.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, 92834, USA

    Matthew Kirby, Samuel K. Hippard, Dahlia Serrato, Joseph Carlin, Nicole Bonuso, Sinan O. Akçiz & Christian Novich

  2. Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, Box 951438, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Lisa N. Martinez

Authors
  1. Matthew Kirby
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Samuel K. Hippard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Lisa N. Martinez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Dahlia Serrato
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Joseph Carlin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Nicole Bonuso
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Sinan O. Akçiz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Christian Novich
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

MEK, SH, and JC wrote the main manuscript text and MEK prepared all figures and tables. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Matthew Kirby.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

We declare that the authors have no competing interests as defined by Springer, or other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

10933_2024_312_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Electronic Supplemental Figure 2. Study site with highlighted drainage basin (dashed line) and major runoff channels (black arrows) (National Geologic Map Database, https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/).

Supplementary file1 (PDF 13525 kb)

Supplementary file2 (PDF 12 kb)

Supplementary file3 (PDF 18 kb)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kirby, M., Hippard, S.K., Martinez, L.N. et al. Little Ice Age flood events recorded in sag pond sediments in the Carrizo Plains National Monument, California. J Paleolimnol 71, 193–213 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-024-00312-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-024-00312-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation