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Utilization of Pineapple Peel Waste/ZnO Nanoparticles Reinforcement for Cellulose-Based Nanocomposite Membrane and Its Characteristics

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Abstract

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural substance produced by microorganisms and offers numerous benefits. It can be produced by utilizing biomass waste which is abundantly available through fermentation process. This study investigates the utilization of pineapple peel waste for BC synthesis and observes their properties as nanocomposite membranes after the addition of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) as candidate biomaterials for water filtration membranes. The experimental methods were conducted by synthesizing BC using pineapple peel extract using fermentation process. Subsequently, BNC was produced using a high-pressure homogenizer, and ZnO-NPs nanoparticles were added as reinforcement at concentrations of 2.5 wt%, 5.0 wt%, and 7.5wt.%. The mixture was sonicated and subsequently dried in an oven at 60°C for 20 h. BNC/ZnO-NPs membranes were characterized using XRD, FTIR, tensile test, BET, antibacterial test, and SEM analysis. The results indicate that the membrane structure of BNC/ZnO-NPs nanocomposite has peaks at diffraction angles of 14.4°, 15.2°, 16.9°, 22.8°, 31.6°, 34.1° and 36.8°. The addition of ZnO-NPs enhances the crystalline index of BNC by 81.37% at 2.5wt.% ZnO-NPs but reduces the membrane strength due to increasing pore diameter and rougher surface morphology of membrane. Incorporation of ZnO-NPs results in membrane chemical bonding, proved by raising a new peak at wavenumber of 715 cm− 1 and reduces the transmittance of hydroxyl group. This showed antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria like S.aureus, but they have no effect on gram-negative bacteria like E. coli. This antibacterial activity is good for resisting biofouling and the membrane can be further developed to meet the requirements for field water filtration applications like desalination.

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Acknowledgements

Many thanks delivered to DRTPM Dikti and LPPM-UM for funding the grant scheme of Fundamental Research with contract no. 20.6.42/UN32.20.1/LT/2023.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Aquatic Resources Management, FPIK, Brawijaya University, East Java, Indonesia

    Uun Yanuhar

  2. Centre Excellent for Cellulose Composite (CECCom), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia

    Heru Suryanto, Aminnudin Aminnudin & Jibril Maulana

  3. Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy (CAMRY), Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia

    Heru Suryanto & Husni Wahyu Wijaya

  4. Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, East Java, Indonesia

    Husni Wahyu Wijaya

  5. Doctoral Program of Environment Science, Post Graduate School, Brawijaya University, East Java, Indonesia

    Nico Rahman Caesar

  6. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brawijaya University, East Java, Indonesia

    Yudy Surya Irawan

  7. Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India

    Joseph Selvi Binoj

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  1. Uun Yanuhar
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Contributions

UY: write conceptualization, project administration and supervision. HS: material preparation, methods and funding acquisition, writing manuscript; AA: data curation, methodology; HWW: data analysis for FTIR using software. JM: data curation, figure editing. NRC: data curation for antibacterial activity; YSI: writing draft manuscript, and BET and mechanical analysis; JSB: proofread the manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Heru Suryanto.

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Yanuhar, U., Suryanto, H., Aminnudin, A. et al. Utilization of Pineapple Peel Waste/ZnO Nanoparticles Reinforcement for Cellulose-Based Nanocomposite Membrane and Its Characteristics. J Polym Environ (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-024-03205-9

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