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Removal of zinc (Zn2+) through biopolymer-enhanced ultrafiltration

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Abstract

This work presents for the first time the coupling of a biodegradable polymer, sodium lignosulfonate (SLS), with ultrafiltration to remove Zn2+ ions from model solution as well as zinc plating bath solution. SLS was first characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to determine the functional groups of the biopolymer. Elemental analyses were performed to determine the polymer’s C, H, and S content. The effect of polymer:Zn2+ molar ratio, initial solution pH, and stirring time on Zn2+ removal was investigated. The results showed that the pH of the initial solution significantly affected the removal of Zn2+, and the maximum removal was achieved in the pH range of 3–7. Increasing the molar ratio of lignosulfonate to zinc from 5 to 30 improved the removal of Zn2+ from 72 to 90%. Furthermore, the ion exchange reaction between functional groups of lignosulfonate and Zn2+ reached equilibrium within 30 min. The presence of monovalent ions, Na+ and K+, did not affect the removal rate; however, divalent cations, Ca2+, and Mg2+ reduced the removal rate of Zn2+ from 90 to 80%. In a later stage of the work, Zn2+ was removed from zinc plating bath water sample by biopolymer-enhanced ultrafiltration. The optimum conditions were applied to the actual water sample, and 80% of Zn2+ was removed from the solution.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article. More information required is available from the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Likit Kimya Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş for providing the lignosulfonate sodium samples.

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The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tire Kutsan Vocational School, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey

    Cesur Mehenktaş

  2. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35040, Izmir, Turkey

    Özgür Arar

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  2. Özgür Arar
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CM: Conceptualization, investigation, writing—original draft, writing—review, and editing.

ÖA: Conceptualization, resources, investigation, writing—original draft, writing—review, and editing.

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Correspondence to Özgür Arar.

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Mehenktaş, C., Arar, Ö. Removal of zinc (Zn2+) through biopolymer-enhanced ultrafiltration. J Polym Environ 31, 1373–1382 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-022-02686-w

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