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In-Vitro Release of the Anticancer Agent Chlorogenic Acid Using β–Cyclodextrin/Folic Acid Functionalized Magnetic CoFe2O4/SWCNT as Magnetic Targeted Delivery Carrier: Central Composite Design Optimization Study

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Abstract

The novelty of this work is the modified single walled carbon nanotube with magnetic CoFe2O4 nanoparticles and β-cyclodextrin/folic acid as magnetic targeted delivery carrier for controlled release of anticancer active agent (chlorogenic acid). Response surface methodology and central composite design were used to optimization of effective factors including pH, contact time, and nanoadsorbent dosage on the adsorption efficiency. The obtained results from central composite design shown that a quadratic model was suitable to fit the experimental data and maximum adsorption efficiency of 87.25% was predicted at pH 05, nanoadsorbent dosage = 0.0125 g, and contact time = 30 min. Nanoadsorbent was thoroughly characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, field emission scanning electron microscope, thermogeravimetric analysis, X-ray diffractometer, vibrating sample magnetometer, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller techniques. Moreover, the adsorption isotherm and kinetic results were well described by the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models, respectively. The adsorption thermodynamic parameters shown that the adsorption of chlorogenic acid on nanoadsorbent was spontaneous and endothermic. The chlorogenic acid shows a sustained release, and the release rate of drug from nanocarrier at pH 7.4 is remarkably higher than that at pH 5.6 due to their different release mechanisms. The release kinetic data were fitted by the Peppas-Sahlin model. Biocompatibility of the single walled carbon nanotube and nanocarrier were shown through cytotoxicity test via MTT assay on HeLa cell lines.

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Data Availability

Not applicable.

Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

CCD:

Central composite design

CDs:

Cyclodextrins

CF:

CoFe2O4 nanoparticles

CGA:

Chlorogenic acid

CNTs:

Carbon nanotubes

DDS:

Drug delivery systems

DDW:

Double distilled water

D-R:

Dubinin-Radushkevich

DOE:

Design of experiments

EDC:

1-Ethyl-3-(3 dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide

FA:

Folic acid

FR:

FA receptor

FE-SEM:

Field emission scanning electron microscope

FT-IR:

Fourier transform infrared spectra

NHS:

N-hydroxysuccinimide

SWCNTs:

Single walled carbon nanotube

TGA:

Thermogeravimetric analyzer

XRD:

X-ray diffractometer

VSM:

Vibrating sample magnetometer

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Islamic Azad University (Science and Research Branch) for financial support of this project.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Fatemeh Morshedi & Amir Heydarinasab

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Varamin—Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran

    Elham Moniri & Mahsasadat Miralinaghi

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  1. Fatemeh Morshedi
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  2. Elham Moniri
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  3. Amir Heydarinasab
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  4. Mahsasadat Miralinaghi
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Contributions

FM: methodology, conceptualization, investigation, formal analysis, validation, writing—original draft. EM: supervision, project administration, formal analysis, validation, writing—original draft. AH: supervision, project administration, formal analysis, validation, writing—original draft. MM: project administration, formal analysis, writing—review and editing, investigation.

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Correspondence to Elham Moniri.

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Morshedi, F., Moniri, E., Heydarinasab, A. et al. In-Vitro Release of the Anticancer Agent Chlorogenic Acid Using β–Cyclodextrin/Folic Acid Functionalized Magnetic CoFe2O4/SWCNT as Magnetic Targeted Delivery Carrier: Central Composite Design Optimization Study. J Polym Environ 31, 221–237 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-022-02601-3

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