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Micro Crystalline Bamboo Cellulose Based Seaweed Biodegradable Composite Films for Sustainable Packaging Material

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Abstract

This study is aimed to fabricate and characterize the seaweed- biodegradable films incorporated with varying concentrations of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) which was extracted from two bamboo sources: Schizostachyum brachycladum (BLMCC) and Gigantochloa scortechinii (BSMCC). Pure biodegradable seaweed film was directly fabricated from red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii). In this demonstrated work, commercial MCC (CMCC), BLMCC and BSMCC were used to reinforce the pure seaweed bio-degradable film at different loading concentrations (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15%) based on the dried-weight of seaweed, for packaging applications. There was substantial improvement in the tensile strength and contact angle values while reduction in the water vapor permeability and elongation at break values with the incorporation of the CMCC, BLMCC and BSMCC into the seaweed pure film matrix, which is highly desirable for the packaging material in the current scenario. The morphology of the fabricated films confirmed that there was good dispersion of the 7% of CMCC, 5% of BLMCC and 3% of BSMCC in the pure seaweed films, which resulted in the enhanced mechanical properties. So far, this is the first report on the microcrystalline cellulose based seaweed films with excellent mechanical properties, which makes them suitable for packaging application. The demonstrated work proved that both BSMCC and BLMCC based seaweed composite films have the huge potential to be used as biodegradable packaging material for wide range of applications.

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Acknowledgments

The researchers would like to thank the collaboration between Chemical Education Department, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia and School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia that has made this work possible.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical Education Department, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Jln. Tgk. Daud Beureueh, Darussalam, Banda Aceh, 23311, Indonesia

    M. Hasan

  2. School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia

    Tze Kiat Lai, Deepu A. Gopakumar, F. A. T. Owolabi, M. K. M. Haafiz & H. P. S. Abdul Khalil

  3. Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, INTROP, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    M. Jawaid

  4. Pulp and Paper Division, Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Lagos, Nigeria

    F. A. T. Owolabi

  5. Chemical Engineering Department, Universitas Serambi Mekkah, Tgk. Imum Lueng Bata Street, Batoh, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

    E. M. Mistar

  6. Environment and Forestry Office of The Provincial Government of Aceh, Banda Aceh, 23239, Indonesia

    Tata Alfatah

  7. School Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02100, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

    N. Z. Noriman

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  1. M. Hasan
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  2. Tze Kiat Lai
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  3. Deepu A. Gopakumar
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  4. M. Jawaid
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  5. F. A. T. Owolabi
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  6. E. M. Mistar
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  7. Tata Alfatah
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  8. N. Z. Noriman
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  9. M. K. M. Haafiz
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  10. H. P. S. Abdul Khalil
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to H. P. S. Abdul Khalil.

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Hasan, M., Lai, T.K., Gopakumar, D.A. et al. Micro Crystalline Bamboo Cellulose Based Seaweed Biodegradable Composite Films for Sustainable Packaging Material. J Polym Environ 27, 1602–1612 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-019-01457-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-019-01457-4

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