Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Polyols and Rigid Polyurethane Foams from Cashew Nut Shell Liquid

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Polymers and the Environment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is a natural aromatic oil consisting of a mixture of phenolic structures with a carboxyl group in ortho position and substituted in meta position with a hydrocarbon chain of 15 carbon atoms. The major component of CNSL is anacardic acid (90 %), which is easily decarboxylated to cardanol by distillation. The present work describes the synthesis of new biobased Mannich polyols for rigid polyurethane foams in two steps: synthesis of Mannich bases by reacting phenolic ring of cardanol with N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3-oxazolidine followed by alkoxylation reactions. The polyols were characterized by wet methods (hydroxyl numbers, viscosity, acid value, density, water content, iodine value etc.), spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR) and by Gel Permeation Chromatography. The Mannich polyols from cardanol are excellent replacements for petrochemical derived Mannich polyols based on nonyl phenol. Cardanol-based polyols were used successfully for the preparation of rigid polyurethane foams of good physical–mechanical and fireproofing properties.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Tullo AH (2008) Chem Eng News 86:26

    Google Scholar 

  2. Phani Kumar P, Paramashivappa RP, Vithayathil J, Subba PV, Rao AS (2002) J Agric Food Chem 50:4705

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Strochchi A, Lerker G (1979) J Am Oil Chem Soc 56:616

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Composite Technical Service. www.ctsusa.us

  5. Tyman JHP, Bruce IE (2003) J Surfactants Deterg 6:291

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Short EL, Tychopoulos V, Tyman JHP (1992) J Chem Technol Biotechnol 53:389

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Ikeda R, Tanaka H, Uyama H, Kobayashi SA (2000) Macromol Rapid Commun 21:496

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Campaner P, D’Amico D, Longo L, Stifani C, Tarzia A (2009) J Appl Polym Sci 114:3585

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Thien DT, Vankhoi N, Khang DQ, Vanluyen D (1996) J Macromol Sci A33:1963

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bhunia HP, Jana RN, Basak A, Lenka S, Nando GB (1998) J Polym Sci A Chem 36:391

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Suresh KI, Kishanprasad VS. US Pat. 7,244,772

  12. Suresh KI, Kishanprasad VS (2005) Ind Eng Chem Res 44:4504

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Ionescu M, Fu S, Bilić N, Javni I, Petrović ZS (2010) CPI polyurethane technical conference, Houston, Texas, October 11–13

  14. Ionescu M, Wan X, Petrović ZS (2010) PACIFICHEM’2010, Honolulu, Hawaii, December 15–20

  15. Ionescu M (2005) Chemistry and technology of polyols for polyurethanes. Rapra Technology Ltd. Shawbury, Shrewsburty, Shropshire, UK, pp 381–400

  16. Tramontini M, Angiolini L (1994) Mannich bases-chemistry and uses. CRC Press, New York, pp 65–163

    Google Scholar 

  17. Reichert B (1959) Die Mannich reaction. Springer, Berlin, p 18

    Book  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kansas Polymer Research Center, Pittsburg State University, 1701 South Broadway, Pittsburg, KS, 66762, USA

    Mihail Ionescu, Xianmei Wan, Nikola Bilić & Zoran S. Petrović

Authors
  1. Mihail Ionescu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xianmei Wan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nikola Bilić
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Zoran S. Petrović
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mihail Ionescu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ionescu, M., Wan, X., Bilić, N. et al. Polyols and Rigid Polyurethane Foams from Cashew Nut Shell Liquid. J Polym Environ 20, 647–658 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-012-0467-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-012-0467-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation