Abstract
During the transition from IPv4 to IPv6, the IPv6 islands inside the IPv4 networks need to communicate with each other and with the native IPv6 network. The drawback of existing IPv6 transition methods is that relay gateways become potential communication bottlenecks. In this paper, a new method—PS64—is presented to connect IPv6 islands together over IPv4 network and reduce the reliance on these relays by shifting the burden to edge gateways on each island. In this method, direct tunnels are set up between the IPv6 islands, and a P2P network is maintained between edge gateways of these islands to propagate information of tunnel end points. After describing the algorithm, we analyze the connectivity of the P2P network, the scalability of this algorithm, and present the prototype and experiments. The results of our analysis and experiments show that the proposed method is reliable, scalable and effective. Obviously, this technique works for all IPvX over IPvY situations.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Deering, S., Hinden, R.: Internet Protocol, version 6 (IPv6) specifications. RFC 2460, December 1998
Nordmark, E., Gilligan, R.: Basic Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers, RFC 4213, October 2005
Oram, A.: Peer-to-Peer: Harnessing the Power of Disruptive Technologies. O’Reilly Press (2001)
Templin, F., Gleeson, T., Talwar, M., Thaler, D.: Intra-site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP), RFC 4214, October 2005
Huitema, C.: Teredo: Tunneling IPv6 over UDP through Network Address Translations (NATs), RFC 4380, February 2006
Davies, E., Krishnan, S., Savola, P.: IPv6 Transition/Co-existence Security Considerations, draft-ietf-v6ops-security-overview-06.txt, Work in Progress, October 22, 2006
Carpenter, B., Moore K.: Connection of IPv6 Domains via IPv4 Clouds, RFC 3056, February 2001
Savola, P., Patel, C.: Security Considerations for 6to4, RFC 3964, December 2004
Durand, A., Fasano, P., Lento, D.: IPv6 Tunnel Broker, RFC 3053, January 2001
Wu, J., Cui, Y., Li, X., Metz, C., Barber, S., Mohapatra, P., Scudder, J.: Softwire Mesh Framework, draft-ietf-softwire-mesh- framework-00. txt, Work in Progress, March 2007
De Clercq, J., Prevost, D.S., Le Faucheur, F.: Connecting IPv6 Islands over IPv4 MPLS using IPv6 Provider Edge Routers (6PE), RFC 4798, February, 2007
Zhou, L., van Renesse, R.: P6P: A Peer-to-Peer Approach to Internet Infrastructure, IPTPS’04 (2004)
Stoica, I., Morris, R.: Chord: A Scalable Peer-to-peer Lookup Service for Internet Applications, SIGCOM’01 (2001)
Moy, J.: OSPF Version 2, RFC 2328, April 1998
Baran, P.: On distributed communication networks. IEEE Trans. Commun. Syst. CS-12(1–2), 1–9 (1964)
Krivelevich, M., Sudakov, B., Vu, V.H.: A sharp threshold for network reliability, combinatorics. Probab. Comput. 11, 465–474 (2002)
Kermarrec, A.-M., Massoulié, L.: Probabilistic reliable dissemination in large-scale systems. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst. 14, 248–258 (2003)
Ruiz-Sanchez, M.A.: Survey and taxonomy of IP address lookup algorithms. IEEE Network 15, 8–23 (2001)
Guterman, J.: Gnutella to the Rescue? Not so Fast, Napster fiends. http://www.gnutella.wego.com, September 2000
Graveman, R., Parthasarathy, M., Savola, P., Tschofenig, H.: Using IPsec to Secure IPv6-in-IPv4 Tunnels, RFC 4891, May 2007
Bermlerand, A., Levy H.: Spoofing Prevention Method, INFOCOM’05, 2005
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Leng, X., Bi, J., Zhang, M. et al. Connecting IPvX Networks Over IPvY with a P2P Method. J Netw Syst Manage 15, 383–399 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10922-007-9071-z
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10922-007-9071-z