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Fast, Selective and Sensitive Fluorescence Detection of Levofloxacin, Fe3+ and Cu2+ Ions in 100% Aqueous Solution Via Their Reciprocal Recognition

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Abstract

The fluorescence detection of ions and pharmaceutical effluents by using organic chemosensors is a valuable surrogate to the currently existing expensive analytical methods. In this regard, the design of multi-functional chemosensors to recognize desirable guests is of utmost importance. In this study, we first show that levofloxacin (LVO) is able to use as a fluorescent chemosensor for the detection of biologically important Cu2+ (turn-off) and Fe3+ (turn-on) ions via independent signal outputs in 100% aqueous buffer solutions. Next, using the reciprocal recognition of LVO and Fe3+ provides a unique emission pattern for the detection of LVO. This approach exhibited a high specificity to LVO among various pharmaceutical samples, namely acetaminophen (AC), azithromycin (AZ), gemifloxacin (GEM) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) and also showed great anti-interference property in urine. The attractive features of this sensing system are availability, easy-to-use, high sensitivity (limit of detection = 18 nM for Cu2+, 22 nM for Fe3+ and 0.12 nM for LVO), rapid response (5 s) with an excellent selectivity.

Graphical Abstract

Levofloxacin (LVO) is able to use as a fluorescent chemosensor for the detection of Cu2+ (turn-off) and Fe3+ (turn-on) ions via independent signal outputs. Moreover, using the reciprocal recognition of LVO and Fe3+ a unique emission pattern for the detection of LVO was achieved which is applicable for biological samples. The attractive features of this sensing system are availability, easy-to-use, high sensitivity, rapid response (5 s) with an excellent selectivity.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

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Acknowledgements

The Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of Iran is acknowledged for partial financial assistance of this work.

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  1. Nano & Organic Synthesis Lab, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Pajoohesh Blvd., km 17, Karaj Hwy, Tehran, 14968-13151, Iran

    Ramo Nazarian, Hossein Reza Darabi, Kioumars Aghapoor, Hani Sayahi, Farshid Mohsenzadeh & Leila Atasbili

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Contributions

Ramo Nazarian: Investigation- Formal analysis - Review & editing. Hossein Reza Darabi: Project administration, Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. Kioumars Aghapoor: Methodology, Investigation. Farshid Mohsenzadeh: Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing. Hani Sayahi: Investigation, Review & editing. Leila Atasbili: Synthesis, Formal analysis. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Nazarian, R., Darabi, H.R., Aghapoor, K. et al. Fast, Selective and Sensitive Fluorescence Detection of Levofloxacin, Fe3+ and Cu2+ Ions in 100% Aqueous Solution Via Their Reciprocal Recognition. J Fluoresc 34, 1279–1290 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-023-03362-5

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