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COVID-19 Virus Structural Details: Optical and Electrochemical Detection

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Abstract

The increasing viral species have ruined people's health and the world's economy. Therefore, it is urgent to design bio-responsive materials to provide a vast platform for detecting a different family's passive or active virus. One can design a reactive functional unit for that moiety based on the particular bio-active moieties in viruses. Nanomaterials as optical and electrochemical biosensors have enabled better tools and devices to develop rapid virus detection. Various material science platforms are available for real-time monitoring and detecting COVID-19 and other viral loads. In this review, we discuss the recent advances of nanomaterials in developing the tools for optical and electrochemical sensing COVID-19. In addition, nanomaterials used to detect other human viruses have been studied, providing insights for developing COVID-19 sensing materials. The basic strategies for nanomaterials develop as virus sensors, fabrications, and detection performances are studied. Moreover, the new methods to enhance the virus sensing properties are discussed to provide a gateway for virus detection in variant forms. The study will provide systematic information and working of virus sensors. In addition, the deep discussion of structural properties and signal changes will offer a new gate for researchers to develop new virus sensors for clinical applications.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. RoviscoPais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India and Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra-136119, India, for providing a research platform.

Funding

Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal, for the Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences projects UIDB/00100/2020, UIDP/00100/2020 and LA/P/0056/2020 projects.

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  1. Priyanka and Brij Mohan contributed equally to the manuscript.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India

    Priyanka & Gurjaspreet Singh

  2. Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. RoviscoPais, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal

    Brij Mohan & Armando J. L. Pombeiro

  3. Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, 131039, Haryana, India

    Ekta Poonia

  4. School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China

    Sandeep Kumar

  5. Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India

    Virender

  6. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar, Uttarakhand, 246174, India

    Charan Singh

  7. Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People’s Republic of China

    Jichuan Xiong & Xuefeng Liu

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Priyanka & Brij Mohan have performed the literature search and drafted and critically revised the work. Ekta Poonia, Sandeep Kumar, Virender, Charan Singh, Jichuan Xiong, Xuefeng Liu, Armando J. L. Pombeiro, Gurjaspreet Singh: contributed to the critical revision of the work. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Priyanka, Mohan, B., Poonia, E. et al. COVID-19 Virus Structural Details: Optical and Electrochemical Detection. J Fluoresc 34, 479–500 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-023-03307-y

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