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OFF/ON Red-Emitting Fluorescent Probes for Casein Recognition and Quantification Based on Indolium Derivatives

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Abstract

Five derivatives of 2, 3, 3-trimethyl-3H-indolium containing different electron donor groups (H1 - H5) were synthesized for the determination of proteins. H3, a sensitive red-emitting fluorescent probe, was found for the discrimination of hydrophobic proteins from hydrophilic. The OFF - ON fluorescence switch of H3 was caused by the formation of twisted intramolecular charge-transfer (TICT) state when it combined with hydrophobic proteins in aqueous buffer. There was a good linear relationship between the emission intensity of H3 and the casein concentration (r = 0.9989). Based on this, a novel casein quantitative assay method was developed, and the method was applied to determinate casein in milk powder samples. Successfully, the results were in good agreement with Biuret method. In addition, a simple and sensitive method was established to differentiate and quantify three casein components (α-, β-, and κ-casein) due to their much different binding constants to H3 probe.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful for the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (21473101) and Three Gorges University (SDYC2016120, 2015CX130).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, People’s Republic of China

    Wei Yang, Chunlin Liu, Qingyun Gao, Jinya Du, Ping Shen & Changying Yang

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  1. Wei Yang
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Correspondence to Changying Yang.

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Yang, W., Liu, C., Gao, Q. et al. OFF/ON Red-Emitting Fluorescent Probes for Casein Recognition and Quantification Based on Indolium Derivatives. J Fluoresc 27, 391–398 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10895-016-1967-0

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