We present some Nekhoroshev stability results for nearly integrable, generalized Hamiltonian systems, which can be odd dimensional and admit a distinct number of action and angle variables. Using a simultaneous approximation technique due to Lochak, Nekhoroshev stabilities are shown for various cases of quasi-convex generalized Hamiltonian systems along with concrete estimates on stability exponents. Discussions on KAM metric stability of generalized Hamiltonian systems are also given.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abraham R., Marsden J. (1978). Foundations of Mechanics, 2nd edn., Benjamin, New York
Arnold V.I. (1963). Proof of a theorem by A. N. Kolmogorov on the preservation of quasi-periodic motions under small perturbations of the Hamiltonian. Usp. Mat. Nauk. 18, 13–40
Arnold V.I. (1966). Instability of dynamical systems with several degrees of freedom. Sov. Mat. Dokl. 5, 581–585
Arnold, V. I. (1978). Mathematical methods of classical mechanics (translated from Russian by Vogtmann, K., and A. Weinstein), Springer-Verlag, NewYork, Heidelberg, Berlin.
Bambusi D. (1994). A Nekhoroshev-type theorem for the Pauli-Fierz model of classical electrodynamics. Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Phys. Théor. 60, 339–371
Benettin G. (2001). Applications of the Nekhoroshev theorem to celestial mechanics (Italian). Boll. Unione Mat. Ital. Sez. B Artic. Ric. Mat. 4(8): 71–95
Benettin G., Fasso F., Guzzo M. (1998). Nekhoroshev-stability of L4 and L5 in the spatial restricted three-body problem, J. Moser at 70 (Russian). Regul. Chaotic Dyn. 3, 56–72
Benettin G., Galgani L., Giorgilli A. (1985). A proof of Nekhoroshev’s theorem for the stability times in nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems. Celestial Mech. 37, 1–25
Benettin G., Gallavotti G. (1986). Stability of motion near resonances in quasi- integrable Hamiltonian systems. J. Stat. Phys. 44, 293–338
Benettin, G., Galgani, L., and Giorgilli, A. (1994). The dynamical foundations of classical statistical mechanics and the Boltzmann-Jeans conjecture, Seminar on Dynamical Systems (St. Petersburg, 1991). Progr. Nonlinear Differential Equations Appl., 12, Birkhäuser, Basel, 3–14.
Benettin G., Hjorth P., Sempio P. (1999). Exponentially long equilibrium times in a one-dimensional collisional model of classical gas. J. Statist. Phys. 94, 871–891
Bessi U., Chierchia L., Valdinoci E. (2001). Upper bounds on Arnold diffusion times via Mather theory. J. Math. Pures Appl. 80(9): 105–129
Bogoyavlenskij, O. I. (1996). Theory of tensor invariants of integrable Hamiltonian systems. I. Incompatible Poisson structures. Comm. Math. Phys. 180, 529–586 : II. Theorem on symmetries and its applications. Comm. Math. Phys. 184, 301–365.
Bogoyavlenskij O.I. (1998). Extended integrability and bi-Hamiltonian systems. Comm. Math. Phys. 186, 19–51
Cary J.R., Littlejohn R.G. (1982). Hamiltonian mechanics and its application to magnetic field line flow. Ann. Phys. 151, 1–34
Celletti A., Ferrara L. (1996). An application of the Nekhoroshev theorem to the restricted three-body problem. Cele Mech. Dynam. Astronom. 64, 261–272
Cong F.Z., Li Y. (1998). Existence of higher dimensional invariant tori for Hamiltonian systems. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 222, 255–267
Chierchia L., Gallavotti G. (1994). Drift and diffusion in phase space. Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré B 60, 1–144
Chow S.-N., Li Y., Yi Y., (2002). Persistence of invariant tori on sub-manifolds in Hamiltonian systems. J. Nonl. Sci. 12, 585–617
Delshams A., Gutiérrez P. (1996). Effective stability and KAM theory. J. Differential Equations 128, 415–490
Dorfman I.Y. (1993). Dirac structures and integrability of nonlinear evolution equations. Wiley and Sons, New York
Duistermaat J.J. (1980). On global action-angle coordinates. CMAP 33, 687–706
Fasso F., Guzzo M., Benettin G. (1998). Nekhoroshev-stability of elliptic equilibria of Hamiltonian systems. Comm. Math. Phys. 197, 347–360
Fontich E., Martin P. (2001). Arnold diffusion in perturbations of analytic integrable Hamiltonian systems. Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 7, 61–84
Gallavotti G. (1998/99). Arnold’s diffusion in isochronous systems. Math. Phys. Anal. Geom. 1, 295–312
Giorgilli, A. (1995). Energy equipartition and Nekhoroshev-Type estimates for large systems, Hamiltonian dynamical systems (Cincinnati, OH, 1992). IMA Vol. Math. Appl., 63, Springer, New York, 147–161.
Giorgilli A., Delshams A., Fontich E., Galgani L., Simó C. (1989). Effective stability for a Hamiltonian system near an elliptic equilibrium point, with an application to the restricted three-body problem. J. Differential Equation. 77, 167–198
Giorgilli A., Morbidelli A. (1997). Invariant KAM tori and global stability for Hamiltonian systems. Z. angew. Math. Phys. 48, 102–134
Giorgilli A., Zehnder E. (1992). Exponential stability for time dependent potentials. ZAMP 43, 827–855
Guzzo M. (1999). Nekhoroshev stability of quasi-integrable degenerate Hamiltonian systems. Regul. Chaotic Dyn. 4, 78–102
Herman M.R. (1991). Différéntiabilité optimal et contreexemples à la fermeture en topologie C ∞ des orbites récurrentes de flots hamiltoniens. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris. Sér. I Math. 313, 49–51
Herman M.R. (1991). Exemples de flots Hamiltoniens dont aucune perturbation en topologie C ∞ n’a d’orbites périodiques sur un ouvert de surfaces d’energies. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris. Sér. I Math. 312, 989–994
Hernández-Bermejo B. (2001). One solution of the 3D Jacobi identities allows determining an infinity of them. Phy. Lett. A 287, 371–378
Hernández-Bermejo B. (2001). New solutions of the Jacobi equations for three-dimensional Poisson structures. J. Math. Phy. 42, 4984–4996
Holm D.D., Wolf K.B., (1991). Lie-Poisson description of Hamiltonian ray optics. Phys. D 51, 189–199
Kappeler T., Makarov M. (2000). On action-angle variables for the second Poisson bracket of Kdv. Comm. Math. Phys. 214, 651–677
Kolmogorov A.N. (1954). On the conservation of conditionally periodic motions for a small change in Hamilton’s function. Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR 98, 525–530
Li Y., Yi Y. (2005). Persistence of hyperbolic tori in Hamiltonian systems. J. Differential Equations 208, 344–387
Li, Y., and Yi, Y. (2005). On Poincaré-Treshchev tori in Hamiltonian systems. In Dumortier et al., Proceeding Equadiff 2003 World Scientific, 136–151.
Li Y., Yi Y. (2002). Persistence of invariant tori in generalized Hamiltonian systems. Erg. Th. Dyn. Sys. 22, 1233–1261
Lochak P. (1992). Canonical perturbation theory via simultaneous approximation. Russian Math. Surveys 47, 57–133
Lochak P. (1993). Hamiltonian perturbation theory: periodic orbits, resonances and intermittency. Nonlinearity 6, 885–904
Lochak, P. (1993) Arnold Diffusion: A Compendium of Remarks and Questions, Hamiltonian Systems with Three or More Degree of Freedom (S’Agaró, 1995), NATO Adv. Sci. Inst. Ser.C Math. Phys. Sci., 533, Kluwer Acadamic. Publishers, Dordrecht, 168–183.
Lochak P., Neishtadt A.I. (1992). Estimates of stability times for nearly integrable systems with quasiconvex Hamiltonian. Chaos 2, 495–499
Markus L., Meyer K.R. (1974). Generic Hamiltonian systems are neither integrable nor ergodic. Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. 144.
Marsden J., Ratiu T. (1999). Introduction to Mechanics and Symmetry, Texts in Applied Mathematics, Vol. 17, 2nd Ed. Springer-Verlag, New York
Marsden J., Ratiu T., Weinstein A. (1984). Semi-direct products and reduction in mechanics. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 281, 147–177
Marsden, J., and Weinstein, A. (2001). Comments on the history, theory, and applications of symplectic reduction. In Quantization of Singular Symplectic Quotients, (Landsman et al (ed), Birkhäer, Boston, 1–20.
Marsden J., Weinstein A. (1974). Reduction of symplectic manifolds with symmetry. Rep. Math. Phys. 5, 121–130
Martin C. (1999). The Poisson structure of the Mean-Field equations in the ϕ4 theory. Ann. Phy. 271, 294–305
Meyer K. R. (1973). Symmetries and integrals in mechanics. In (Peixoto ed.), Dynamical systems. Academic Press, New York, 295–273.
Mezić I., Wiggins S. (1994). On the integrability and perturbations of three-dimensional fluid flows with symmetry. J. Nonl. Sci. 4, 157–194
Morrison P.J. (1998). Hamiltonian description of the ideal fluid. Rev. Mod. Phy. 70, 467–521
Moser J. (1962). On invariant curves of area preserving mappings of an annulus. Nachr. Akad. Wiss. Gött. Math. Phys. K1, 1–20
Moser, J. (1977). Old and new applications of KAM theory, Hamiltonian systems with three or more degree of freedom (S’Agaró, 1995), NATO Adv. Sci. Inst. Ser.C Math. Phys. Sci., 533, Kluwer Acadamic Publishers Dordrecht, 184–192.
Nekhoroshev, N. N. (1977). An exponential estimate of the time of stability of nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems I. Usp. Mat. Nauk, 32, 5–66; Russ. Math. Surveys 32, 1–65.
Niederman L. (2004). Exponential stability for small perturbations of steep integrable Hamiltonian systems. Erg. Th. Dyn. Sys. 24, 593–608
Olver P.J. (1993). Applications of Lie Groups to Differential Equations. Springer-Verlag, New York
Olver, P. J. (1987). BiHamiltonian Systems, Pitman Research Notes in Mathematics. Sleeman B. D., and Jarvis, R. J., (eds.), Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations, Longman Scientific and Technical, 176–193.
Parasyuk I.O. (1984). On preservation of multidimensional invariant tori of Hamiltonian systems. Ukr. Mat. Zh. 36, 467–473
Picard G., Johnston T.W. (1982). Instability cascades, Lotka-Volterra population equations, and Hamiltonian Chaos. Phys. Rev. Lett. 48, 1610–1613
Popov G. (2000). Invariant tori, effective stability, and quasimodes with exponentially small error terms. I. Birkhoff normal forms. Ann. Henri Poincaré 1, 223–248
Popov G. (2000). Invariant tori, effective stability, and quasimodes with exponentially small error terms. II. Quantum Birkhoff normal forms. Ann. Henri Poincaré 1, 249–279
Pöschel J. (1993). Nekhoroshev estimates for quasiconvex Hamiltonian systems. Math. Z. 213, 495–499
Rüssmann, H. (1990), Nondegeneracy in the perturbation theory of integrable dynamical systems, Number theory and dynamical systems (York, 1987), 5–18, London Math. Soc. Lecture Note Ser., 134, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989, Stochastics, Algebra and Analysis in Classical and Quantum Dynamics (Marseille, 1988), Math. Appl., 59, Kluwer Acadamic. Publishers, Dordrecht, 211–223.
H. Rüssmann, Pravite communications, 2005.
Sevryuk M.B. (1995). KAM-stable Hamiltonians. J. Dyn. Control Syst. 1, 351–366
Schmidt, W. M. (1980) Diophantine Approximation. Lecture Notes in Math. 785, Springer, New York.
Weinstein A. (1983). The local structure of Poisson manifolds. J. Diff. Geometry 18, 523–557
Xu J.X., You J.G., Qiu Q.J. (1997). Invariant tori for nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems with degeneracy. Math. Z. 226, 375–387
Yoccoz J.-C. (1992). Travaux de Herman sur les tores invariants. Asterisque 206, 311–344
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, Y., Yi, Y. Nekhoroshev and KAM Stabilities in Generalized Hamiltonian Systems. J Dyn Diff Equat 18, 577–614 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10884-006-9025-2
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10884-006-9025-2