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Biology of Human Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease

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Abstract

The pentraxin superfamily consists of highly conserved multimeric pattern recognition proteins, which are components of the humoral arm of innate immunity. Besides the classical pentraxins (C-reactive protein and serum amyloid P component), pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a prototypic long pentraxin. In response to primary inflammatory signals, this multifunctional acute phase protein is produced by a variety of cell types. Recently, several clinical studies have demonstrated that PTX3 is significantly associated with kidney dysfunction and disease activity or severity in various inflammatory, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases. In this paper, we will review the general characteristics of PTX3 focusing in particular on its fundamental biological functions in the course of acute and chronic kidney diseases.

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Abbreviations

AGEs:

Advanced glycosylated end-products

aHUS:

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome

AKI:

Acute kidney injury

ANCA:

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies

BMI:

Body mass index

CFH:

Complement factor H

CFHR1:

Complement factor H-related protein 1

CKD:

Chronic kidney disease

CMV:

Cytomegalovirus

CRP:

C-reactive protein

Crry:

CR1-related gene/protein y

Cys:

Cysteine

(e)GFR:

(estimated) Glomerular filtration rate

ELISA:

Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay

ESRD:

End-stage renal disease

FGF:

Fibroblast growth factor

HDL:

High-density lipoprotein

HMGB1:

High-mobility group protein B1

IgA:

Immunoglobulin A

IL:

Interleukin

LDL:

Low density lipoprotein

LGN:

Lupus glomerulonephritis

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MMP-2:

Matrix metalloproteinase-2

MyD88:

Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88

PTX3:

Pentraxin 3

PRX3%:

Pentraxin 3 expression area

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SAP:

Serum amyloid P-component

SDSPAGE:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

SLE:

Systemic lupus erythematosus

SNP:

Single-nucleotide polymorphism

SOFA:

Sequential organ failure assessment

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

TNF-α:

Tumor-necrosis factor-alpha

TSG:

Tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene

(s)VCAM-1:

(soluble) Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

WT:

Wild-type

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Marijn M. Speeckaert & Raymond Vanholder

  2. Department of Clinical Chemistry, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium

    Marijn M. Speeckaert, Reinhart Speeckaert & Joris R. Delanghe

  3. Division of Renal Medicine, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

    Juan J. Carrero

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  1. Marijn M. Speeckaert
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Correspondence to Marijn M. Speeckaert.

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Speeckaert, M.M., Speeckaert, R., Carrero, J.J. et al. Biology of Human Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease. J Clin Immunol 33, 881–890 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10875-013-9879-0

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