Abstract
In the western subarctic Pacific (WSP), iron (Fe) can enhance the biological carbon pump by stimulating phytoplankton photosynthesis. However, little is known about how Fe and light availability controls the phytoplankton photophysiology in the WSP near the Kuril Islands, where water mixing is sometimes enhanced, even in summer. Here, we conducted on-deck Fe-manipulated incubation experiments at two stations where surface mixed layer depths were distinct but showed similar initial macronutrient and dissolved Fe concentrations and phytoplankton community composition even experienced light availability for phytoplankton in the water column could be different. An Fe addition to water samples from the deeper surface-mixed layer enhanced the phytoplankton biomass and the photosynthetic competence in photosystem II (Fv/Fm), suggesting an Fe-light co-limitation, which was supported by the results from high functional absorption cross section of photosystem II (σPSII) and low light saturation index (Ek). At the shallower mixed layer station, Fe amendment did not stimulate phytoplankton biomass and photosynthesis, indicating that Fe was sufficient for the phytoplankton. Although the centric diatom Chaetoceros species were predominant at both stations throughout incubation, the pennate diatoms Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and Cylindrotheca closterium significantly increased at the deeper and shallower-mixed layer stations, respectively, after Fe enrichment. The elongation of the pennate diatom Neodenticula seminae chains was observed under low Fe availability caused by a chelator. This could be related to the fact that N. seminae is abundant in sediment trap samples from the WSP under Fe-limited conditions and contributed to the high biological pump efficiency.
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The data that supports the findings of this study are available in the supplementary material of this article. The original data from our published articles, which was cited and analyzed during this study, are available on request from the corresponding authors.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the officers and crew of R/V Professor Multanovskiy. Thanks also extended to Dr. Y. N. Volkov and the late Mr. Scherbinin, the Far Eastern Regional Hydrometeorological Research Institute, for cooperation under the Japanese-Russian joint research program. We acknowledge Ms. Suzu Nakamura, Ms. Natsuko Araki, and Ms. Aiko Murayama for their shipboard and on-land assistance. This study was partly supported by the JSPS Grant‐in‐Aid for Scientific Research (JP17H00775, JP18H03352, JP21H05056, JP22H05205, JP21H04921, JP23H03516) funded to JN, KS, and IY, and the Joint Research Program of the Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, and JAXA 2nd Research Announcement on the Earth Observations, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ER2GCF304). KY was partly supported by the Sasakawa Scientific Research Grant from The Japan Science Society (27‐752).
Funding
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London, JP17H00775,Jun Nishioka, JP18H03352,Koji Suzuki, JP21H05056, Jun Nishioka, JP22H05205, Jun Nishioka, JP21H04921, Ichiro Yasuda, JP23H03516, Koji Suzuki, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, ER2GCF304,Koji Suzuki, Japan Foundation, 27‐752, Kazuhiro Yoshida.
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Yoshida, K., Nishioka, J., Yasuda, I. et al. Different responses of phytoplankton to Fe manipulation in Fe-limited waters with contrasting surface mixed layer depths in the western subarctic Pacific. J Oceanogr 79, 483–497 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-023-00692-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-023-00692-7