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The role of ammonium citrate washing on the characteristics of mechanochemical–hydrothermal derived magnesium-containing apatites

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Abstract

The role of citrate washing on the physical and chemical characteristics of magnesium-substituted apatites (HAMgs) was performed. HAMgs were synthesized by a mechanochemical–hydrothermal route at room temperature in as little as 1 h, which is five times faster than our previous work. Magnesium-substituted apatites had concentrations as high as 17.6 wt% Mg with a corresponding specific surface area (SSA) of 216 m2/g. A systematic study was performed to examine the influence of increasing magnesium content on the physical and chemical characteristics of the reaction products. As the magnesium content increased from 0 to 17.6 wt%, magnesium-doped apatite crystallite size decreased from 12 to 8.8 nm. The Mg/(Mg + Ca) ratio in the product was enriched relative to that used for the reacting precursor solution. During mechanochemical–hydrothermal reaction, magnesium doped apatites co-crystallize with magnesium hydroxide. Citrate washing serves to remove the magnesium hydroxide phase. The concomitant increase in surface area results because of the removal of this phase. Possible mechanisms for magnesium hydroxide leaching are discussed to explain the measured trends.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Johnson & Johnson Center for Biomaterials and Advanced Technologies, the Center for Biomedical Devices at Rutgers University, and the National Institute of Health.

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Author notes

  1. Wojciech L. Suchanek

    Present address: Sawyer Technical Materials, LLC, 35400 Lakeland Blvd., Eastlake, OH, 44095, USA

  2. Pavel Shuk

    Present address: Rosemount Analytic INC., 1201 North Main Street, P. O. Box 901, Orrville, OH, 4467-0901, USA

  3. Kevor S. TenHuisen

    Present address: Reconstructive Business, Stryker Howmedica Osteonics, 59 Rt. 17 South, Allendale, NJ, 07401, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ceramic and Materials Engineering, Rutgers University, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA

    Chun-Wei Chen, Wojciech L. Suchanek, Pavel Shuk, Kullaiah Byrappa, Charles Oakes & Richard E. Riman

  2. Center for Biomaterials and Advanced Technologies, Medical Devices Group, a Division of Ethicon, Inc., Rt. 22 W, P. O. Box 151, Somerville, NJ, 08876, USA

    Kelly Brown, Kevor S. TenHuisen & Victor F. Janas

  3. Department of Geology, University of Mysore, P. B. No. 21, Mysore, 570006, India

    Kullaiah Byrappa

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  1. Chun-Wei Chen
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Correspondence to Chun-Wei Chen.

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Chen, CW., Suchanek, W.L., Shuk, P. et al. The role of ammonium citrate washing on the characteristics of mechanochemical–hydrothermal derived magnesium-containing apatites. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 18, 1413–1421 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-006-0068-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-006-0068-z

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