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Propane gas-sensing properties of pure and Pd-doped tin oxide nanostructures

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Abstract

Pure and palladium-doped tin oxide nanopowders were synthesized by wet chemical synthesis with Tin (IV) chloride pentahydrate and palladium (II) chloride as a precursor and dopant source, respectively. Effect of palladium (Pd) concentration on the structural, morphological, and propane gas-sensing properties were studied in detail. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the tetragonal rutile phase structure with (110) as the preferential orientation of SnO2. Also, the presence of Pd and PdO phases was observed confirming the formation of dopant clusters on the surface. The dopant incorporation into the SnO2 lattice was also observed by Raman analysis with a right shift in the vibrational mode. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) studies show the formation of both large and small grains with irregular shapes and nanometric crystallites. High-resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) confirms the tetragonal shape of the particles and the undulations observed due to dopant incorporation and the formation of surface dopant clusters. Gas-sensing responses of all SnO2 powder were obtained for propane gas, at different gas concentrations and operating temperatures. The highest sensing response was obtained for SnO2 powder deposited at 4 wt%. By utilizing a simple chemical synthesis and pellet manufacturing, a high surface area-doped nanostructures were obtained, which show the highest propane-sensing response. Finally, in this work, a complete and systematic structural and morphological analysis of all samples were performed and the effect of Pd doping wt% on the propane gas sensing of SnO2 structures was clearly explained utilizing a schematic sensing mechanism.

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Data availability

I declare that all data used in this work are available. The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due [have not been published] but will be available from the data repository when the main manuscript will be published.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to A.G. López-Fabián and M.A. Luna-Arias for the technical help rendered.

Funding

This work was supported byA. Maldonado credits CONACyT for support through 166601 Project and programa de desarrollo al profesorado, PROMEP.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Escuela Superior de Tepeji del Río, Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Avenida del Maestro No. 41 Colonia Noxtongo, Segunda Sección, 42855, Tepeji del Río, Hidalgo, Mexico

    T. V. K. Karthik & Angélica G. Hernandez

  2. SEES, Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CINVESTAV-IPN, 07000, Mexico City, Mexico

    M. de la L. Olvera-Amador & Arturo Maldonado

  3. Área Académica de Computación y Electrónica, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, 56092, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico

    Heberto Gómez-Pozos

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  1. T. V. K. Karthik
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  2. M. de la L. Olvera-Amador
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  3. Arturo Maldonado
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Contributions

HG performed writing, TVKK and AGH interpretation of results and MLO and AM review and editing.

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Correspondence to Heberto Gómez-Pozos.

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Heberto Gomez Pozos, corresponding author of the work entitled “Propane gas sensing properties of pure and Pd doped tin oxide nanostructures” declare that there are no conflicts of interest on behalf of all the authors. The authors inform that no exist interests that are directly or indirectly related to the work submitted for publication within the last 3 years of beginning the work.

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Karthik, T.V.K., Olvera-Amador, M.L., Maldonado, A. et al. Propane gas-sensing properties of pure and Pd-doped tin oxide nanostructures. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 228 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-09636-1

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