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Hydrothermal synthesis of Ce/Zr co-substituted BiFeO3: R3c-to-P4mm phase transition and enhanced room temperature ferromagnetism

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Abstract

A facile hydrothermal method was used for fabricating phase-pure Bi1−xCexFe1−xZrxO3 (x = 0.00, 0.03, 0.06) multiferroic ferrites, and the dependence of structural, optical, and magnetic properties on the composition have been investigated. The samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, scanning electron microscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer at room temperature. Structural results show that the structure of Bi1−xCexFe1−xZrxO3 ferrites is indexed to a rhombohedral structure with the R3c space group. However, the weakening in the intensity, the expansion of the line-width of all bands, and some band shifts observed in Raman spectra indicate a structural transition from rhombohedral (R3c) to pseudo-tetragonal (P4mm) phase as the content of Ce/Zr increases. Also, a significantly enhanced intensity of the A1–2 mode in Raman spectra means that there is a novel behavior of magnetic anisotropy in the Ce/Zr co-substituted samples. A significant increase in optical bandgap with increasing of the Ce/Zr co-substitution suggests that the materials are suitable for technological applications. Magnetic properties of the samples show a magnetic transition from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic phase due to the presence of the rhombohedral to the tetragonal phase transition, and exchange interaction between the 4f orbitals of the Ce3+/Ce4+ and the 3d orbitals of the Fe3+/Fe2+.

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  1. School of Physics, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran

    Zahra Adineh & Ahmad Gholizadeh

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  1. Zahra Adineh
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Adineh, Z., Gholizadeh, A. Hydrothermal synthesis of Ce/Zr co-substituted BiFeO3: R3c-to-P4mm phase transition and enhanced room temperature ferromagnetism. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32, 26929–26943 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-07067-y

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