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A portable and quantitative detection of xanthine and xanthine oxidase based on cascade enzymatic reactions of Fe3O4@MWCNTs/Hemin

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Abstract

Sensitive and effective detection of xanthine oxidase (XOD) is essential for assessing human health. Herein, a dual-enzyme-based cascaded reaction system was developed for xanthine and xanthine oxidase assay based on the peroxidase (POD)-like catalytic activity of Fe3O4@MWCNTs/Hemin nanocomposite. The XOD could catalyze xanthine to produce H2O2, which is subsequently converted by Fe3O4@MWCNTs/Hemin into hydroxyl radicals (·OH) to oxidize 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to produce a light blue. Notably, it is demonstrated that the modification of MWCNTs and Hemin could significantly enhance the POD-like activity from 9.78 × 10−8 M s−1 (Vmax value of Fe3O4) to 23.34 10−8 M s−1 (Vmax value of Fe3O4@MWCNTs/Hemin), which makes the detection of xanthine oxidase more sensitive. By using the smartphone to capture the colorimetric signal of oxidized TMB (oxTMB), the assay can detect xanthine and XOD as low as 0.250 µM and 0.216 mU mL−1, respectively. The reliability of the method in human serum suggested satisfactory spiked recoveries in the range of 92.350–105%. This work provided a new insight for Fe3O4-based nanozyme design and monitoring XOD level in blood.

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Acknowledgements

This work was greatly supported by Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects (No. 202001AT070002), Major Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Province (No. 202002AE320006), Joint Specialized Fund for Applied Fundamental Research Program of the Department of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province—Kunming Medical University (No. 2018FE001(-133)), and the Analysis and Testing Foundation of Kunming University of Science and Technology (No. 2021M20192118096 and 2021T20200097).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, China

    Yijie Wang, Qiulan Li, Yaling Yang & Dezhi Yang

  2. School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, China

    Qinghai Xia

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  1. Yijie Wang
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  2. Qiulan Li
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  3. Qinghai Xia
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Contributions

YW was involved in investigation, methodology and writing—original draft. QL was responsible for investigation and methodology. QX contributed to writing—reviewing and editing. YY took part in validation and writing—reviewing and editing. DY participated in methodology, investigation and writing—reviewing and editing.

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Correspondence to Dezhi Yang.

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The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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This research was approved by the Kunming University of Science and Technology Ethic Committee, and all experiments were performed in accordance with the Guideline for Experimentation of Kunming University of Science and Technology.

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The blood samples were collected from volunteers who gave informed written consent for inclusion.

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Handling Editor: Christopher Blanford.

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Wang, Y., Li, Q., Xia, Q. et al. A portable and quantitative detection of xanthine and xanthine oxidase based on cascade enzymatic reactions of Fe3O4@MWCNTs/Hemin. J Mater Sci 58, 7441–7455 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-023-08449-9

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