Abstract
Among different strategies to reduce costs in microalgae dewatering process via cross-flow filtration, the one related to membrane material was investigated in order to be decreased. Several materials were tested, starting with the ones commonly used in membrane technology [ceramic, polysulfone (PSf) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN)] to the ones generally employed in packaging industry [acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) and polylactic acid (PLA)], the latter being considerably cheaper. Experiments carried out showed promising results in terms of permeabilities for PSf–Pluronic® F127 blended membranes and PAN membranes (11 ± 1 L/h/m2/bar and 22 ± 1 L/h/m2/bar, respectively, instead of 2 ± 2 L/h/m2/bar of PSf membranes), but with high related costs. PLA membranes showed good mechanical properties, biodegradability and price, but low permeability values (5 ± 1 L/h/m2/bar). PETG membranes showed attractive results in terms of costs and permeability, but poor mechanical properties. The polymer that offered the best results was the ABS that reached membrane permeabilities of 19 ± 1 L/h/m2/bar, maintaining good mechanical properties while filtering the microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin. Thus, a novel functionality was found for these not so common polymers in microalgae dewatering. This indicates that use of these materials could also be considered in other aqueous micro/ultrafiltration applications. In addition, the biodegradable PLA polymer introduces a new concept of cheap and environmental friendly membrane in this application.
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the projects ENE2011-22761 ‘Biorrefineria de microalgas: optimización de las etapas de cosechado y de obtención de lípidos’ funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, ‘Fuels from Biomass’ (research program funded by Excma. Diputació Tarragona) and ‘Demostración del cultivo y procesado de algas en sistemas semicerrados con fertilización carbónica en el entorno de la refinería de Repsol en Tarragona’, founded by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Plan E). The research was also supported by the European Regional Development Funds (ERDF, FEDER Programa Competitividad de Catalunya 2007–2013). Authors specially acknowledge AIMPLAS (Plastics Technology Centre, Paterna, Valencia) for kindly donating PLA pellets. The authors are indebted to Maria Pilar Rey Varela and Scientific Research Services of Universitat Rovira i Virgili for their contribution in the analytic work. C. Nurra is grateful to the Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC) for her PhD scholarship.
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Nurra, C., Franco, E.A., Maspoch, M.L. et al. Cheaper membrane materials for microalgae dewatering. J Mater Sci 49, 7031–7039 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-014-8408-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-014-8408-8