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Electrochemical strain microscopy of local electrochemical processes in solids: mechanism of imaging and spectroscopy in the diffusion limit

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Abstract

Changes in ionic concentration and electrochemical processes in solids are invariably associated with changes in molar volume. Correspondingly, materials with mobile ions develop strain in response to applied electric bias. This electromechanical coupling mediated by mobile ions lays the foundation for the electrochemical strain microscopy (ESM) of energy storage and conversion materials. Here, we analyze the imaging and spectroscopic mechanism in ESM in the diffusion limit and discuss the similarities between ESM and macroscopic current-based electrochemical measurements. The theoretical challenges in ESM are formulated.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported as part of the Fluid Interface, Reactions, Structures and Transport (FIRST) Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. A.N.M. gratefully acknowledges multiple discussions and critical remarks from Eugene Eliseev (NAS Ukraine). The authors are grateful to A. Belianinov (ORNL) for valuable advice.

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  1. Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA

    Sergei V. Kalinin

  2. Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 46, pr. Nauki, 03028, Kiev, Ukraine

    Anna N. Morozovska

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Kalinin, S.V., Morozovska, A.N. Electrochemical strain microscopy of local electrochemical processes in solids: mechanism of imaging and spectroscopy in the diffusion limit. J Electroceram 32, 51–59 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10832-013-9819-7

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