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Age-Specific Mechanism of the Effects of Family Based Interventions with African American Nonresident Fathers and Sons

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Abstract

Our objective was to determine age differences in the effects of a family-based intervention with 278 African American nonresident fathers and their 8 to 12-year-old sons. We assessed fathers’ parenting, sons’ perception of fathers’ parenting, and sons’ intentions to avoid violence (outcome) before and after the intervention. We first studied the mechanism of the effect with the complete sample of fathers and sons, and then on subsamples of fathers and younger (8–10 years) and older (11–12 years) children, using multi-group structural equation modeling (SEM). In the pooled sample, the intervention enhanced fathers’ parenting, which increased sons’ perception of the fathers’ parenting, resulting in sons’ intentions to avoid violence in the future. Two age group differences were found: for younger sons, the intervention was effective on improving father’s parenting, whereas for older sons, father’s parenting had an effect on their son’s perception of parenting. The findings of this study have practical implications for interventions with African American nonresident fathers, especially in terms of the timing and type of interventions offered.

Highlights

  • The family-based intervention program works by enhancing fathers’ skills and satisfaction with those skills for younger and older sons respectively.

  • African American boys benefit from engagement of nonresident fathers in programs which focus on improving youth outcomes.

  • Engagement of African American nonresident fathers and sons in family-based culturally relevant interventions can build youth resilience.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Human Development and Family Studies, School of Human Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA

    Alvin Thomas

  2. Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Alvin Thomas, Shervin Assari & Cleopatra H. Caldwell

  3. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Shervin Assari

  4. Facultad de Educación, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

    Maria Ines Susperreguy

  5. Flint Odyssey House, 1225, Martin Luther King Drive, Flint, MI, USA

    DeLoney E. Hill

  6. Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Cleopatra H. Caldwell

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  1. Alvin Thomas
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  2. Shervin Assari
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Correspondence to Alvin Thomas.

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Thomas, A., Assari, S., Susperreguy, M.I. et al. Age-Specific Mechanism of the Effects of Family Based Interventions with African American Nonresident Fathers and Sons. J Child Fam Stud 29, 3509–3520 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020-01848-5

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