Abstract
This article presents participatory mapping (PM) and Participatory Geographical Information Systems (PGIS) approaches as an appropriate and still developing kind of community-based spatial study in archaeology. Researchers and practitioners who advocate reflexive mapping practices in the field recognize that mapping is not an objective practice and that maps are necessarily the product of those who create them. We consider that a PM/PGIS approach can contribute to this reflexive practice through the incorporation of local spatial knowledge (LSK) which is always place-based and reflects a long and close physical interaction with the landscape. For local communities, this approach helps them to be incorporated as active subjects in the registration and interpretation of their cultural heritage, as well as in the defense and management of it. At the same time, archaeological studies are enriched by incorporating contemporary perspectives and local people’s knowledge into interpretations of past landscapes.
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Notes
By local spatial knowledge (LSK), we mean local, traditional, customary, and/or indigenous knowledge.
In the literature consulted, we have been able to record the following terms: participatory mapping, community-participatory mapping, place-based participatory mapping, participatory 3D mapping, collaborative community mapping, cultural mapping, participatory cultural mapping, counter-mapping, indigenous mapping, participatory GIS, public participation GIS, community GIS, participatory cartography, social cartography, community cartography, critical cartography, cybercartography, indigenous cartographies, and ethnogeography.
A “map biography” can be defined as an interview during which the participant indicates on a map the places s/he is familiar with and makes use of, e.g. for harvesting resources or visiting for spiritual purposes (Tobias 2010).
See also The Intellectual Property Issues in Cultural Heritage (IPinCH) project available at http://www.sfu.ca/ipinch.
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Jason Nesbitt for his review of the manuscript and the four anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments that helped to improve the quality of the manuscript.
Funding
This research was made possible by a DGAPA Postdoctoral Fellowship granted to the first author by the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM) and through support to both authors from UNAM PAPIME project PE307016.
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Álvarez Larrain, A., McCall, M.K. Participatory Mapping and Participatory GIS for Historical and Archaeological Landscape Studies: a Critical Review. J Archaeol Method Theory 26, 643–678 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-018-9385-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10816-018-9385-z