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Abstract

Teotihuacan in the northeastern Basin of Mexico was an unusually large and influential early city and state. This article reviews recent research trends in Teotihuacan from its founding and explosive growth ca. 100 BC into the largest city in Mesoamerica. Biogenetics provide details of how immigration fueled the city’s growth and shaped its multiethnic composition and link Teotihuacan to other parts of the central highlands and more distant regions. Urban theory highlights the importance of neighborhoods and how their composition changed. Collective aspects of irrigation, markets, warfare and the military, and ideology encouraged the development of Teotihuacan’s corporate governance. Although Teotihuacan politically dominated central Mexico, its control over the regional economy was not as centralized. Beyond its hinterland, Teotihuacan’s foreign relations were a mosaic of trade diasporas, diplomatic exchanges, pilgrimages, emulation, and strategic direct interventions of limited duration. As its foreign influence retracted, Teotihuacan faced challenges from its hinterlands and intermediate elites and factions that culminated in the burning and desecration of the urban center. The Epiclassic saw the change from Teotihuacan’s regional state to city-states and confederations. Although much reduced in size, Postclassic Teotihuacan retained an enormous legacy that subsequent states sought for their historical validation.

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Acknowledgments

I offer my deepest thanks to Gary Feinman and Linda Nicholas for their support and patience. I knew there was a large literature about Teotihuacan, but little did I realize how quickly new work would appear. George Cowgill and Kristin Sullivan commented on early drafts and shared ideas and reference materials. I thank the anonymous external reviewers for their close reading and valuable comments. Erik and Alex Jurado carefully checked citations. Kristin Sullivan prepared figures and Ian Robertson crafted the place names onto the Teotihuacan map. My sincere apologies for articles or books I failed to include in the bibliography. I am grateful to the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico, for their support of research on Teotihuacan. I have had the privilege to know Ruben Cabrera, George Cowgill, René Millon, Jeffery Parsons, Evelyn Rattray, Michael Spence, and William T. Sanders—each contributed to foundational knowledge about Teotihuacan. The National Science Foundation under Grants No. 0514187 (Dartmouth), 0513979 (Arizona State University), and 0504015T (MURR) supported research on the Cerro Portezuelo materials at the Fowler Museum UCLA, along with the Claire Garber Goodman Fund and Rockefeller Center Urban Studies Grant, Dartmouth, the School of Human Evolution and Social Change and the ASU Archaeological Research Institute. The William J. Bryant 1925 Professor of Anthropology provided assistance to prepare this review.

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Nichols, D.L. Teotihuacan. J Archaeol Res 24, 1–74 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10814-015-9085-0

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