Skip to main content
Log in

Brief Report: No Association Between Parental Age and Extreme Social-Communicative Autistic Traits in the General Population

  • Brief Report
  • Published:
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This is the first investigation of the relationship between parental age and extreme social-communicative autistic traits in the general population. The parents of 5,246 children in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) completed the Social and Communication Disorders Checklist (SCDC). The association between parental age and SCDC scores was assessed in the full sample and among high scoring individuals (e.g. top 5%, 1%). There was no association between parental age and social-communicative autistic traits in the general population. Neither maternal nor paternal age was associated with extreme scores. These findings suggest that advanced parental age does not confer increased risk for extreme social and communication impairment assessed quantitatively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

References

  • Cantor, R. M., Yoon, J. L., Furr, J., & Lajonchere, C. M. (2007). Paternal age and autism are associated in a family-based sample. Molecular Psychiatry, 12(5), 419–421.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, P., & Cohen, J. (1984). The clinician’s illusion. Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 1178–1182.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Croen, L. A., Najjar, D. V., Fireman, B., & Grether, J. K. (2007). Maternal and paternal age and risk of autism spectrum disorders. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 161(4), 334–340.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Durkin, M. S., Maenner, M. J., Newschaffer, C. J., Lee, L. C., Cunniff, C. M., Daniels, J. L., et al. (2008). Advanced parental age and the risk of autism spectrum disorder. American Journal of Epidemiology, 168(11), 1268–1276.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, A. M., Brockert, J. E., & Ward, R. H. (1995). Association of young maternal age with adverse reproductive outcomes. New England Journal of Medicine, 332(17), 1113–1117.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grether, J. K., Anderson, M. C., Croen, L. A., Smith, D., & Windham, G. C. (2009). Risk of autism and increasing maternal and paternal age in a large north American population. American Journal of Epidemiology, 170(9), 1118–1126.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hansson, S. L., Svanstrom Rojvall, A., Rastam, M., Gillberg, C., & Anckarsater, H. (2005). Psychiatric telephone interview with parents for screening of childhood autism - tics, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and other comorbidities (A-TAC): preliminary reliability and validity. British Journal of Psychiatry, 187, 262–267.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • King, M. D., Fountain, C., Dakhlallah, D., & Bearman, P. S. (2009). Estimated autism risk and older reproductive age. American Journal of Public Health, 99(9), 1673–1679.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Larsson, H. J., Eaton, W. W., Madsen, K. M., Vestergaard, M., Olesen, A. V., Agerbo, E., et al. (2005). Risk factors for autism: perinatal factors, parental psychiatric history, and socioeconomic status. Am J Epidemiol, 161(10), 916–925; discussion 926–918.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lundstrom, S., Haworth, C. M., Carlstrom, E., Gillberg, C., Mill, J., Rastam, M., et al. (2010). Trajectories leading to autism spectrum disorders are affected by paternal age: Findings from two nationally representative twin studies. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51(7), 850–856.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olsen, J., & Zhu, J. L. (2009). Re: “Advanced parental age and the risk of autism spectrum disorder”. Am J Epidemiol, 169(11), 1406; author reply 1406–1407.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peipert, J. F., & Bracken, M. B. (1993). Maternal age: An independent risk factor for cesarean delivery. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 81(2), 200–205.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, E.B., Koenen, K.C., McCormick, M.C., Munir, K., Hallett, V., Happé, F., Plomin, R., & Ronald, A. (2011). Evidence that autistic traits show the same etiology in the general population and at the quantitative extremes (5%, 2.5% and 1%). Manuscript submitted for publication.

  • Saha, S., Barnett, A. G., Foldi, C., Burne, T. H., Eyles, D. W., Buka, S. L., et al. (2009). Advanced paternal age is associated with impaired neurocognitive outcomes during infancy and childhood. PLoS Med, 6(3), e40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sasanfar, R., Haddad, S. A., Tolouei, A., Ghadami, M., Yu, D., & Santangelo, S. L. (2010). Paternal age increases the risk for autism in an Iranian population sample. Molecular Autism, 1(1), 2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, F. J., Baron-Cohen, S., Bolton, P., & Brayne, C. (2002). The CAST (Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test): Preliminary development of a UK screen for mainstream primary-school-age children. Autism, 6(1), 9–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shelton, J. F., Tancredi, D. J., & Hertz-Picciotto, I. (2010). Independent and dependent contributions of advanced maternal and paternal ages to autism risk. Autism Res, 3(1), 30–39.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Skuse, D. H., Mandy, W. P., & Scourfield, J. (2005). Measuring autistic traits: Heritability, reliability and validity of the Social and Communication Disorders Checklist. British Journal of Psychiatry, 187, 568–572.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weschler, D., Golombok, J., & Rust, S. (1992). Manual for the Weschler intelligence scale for children (3rd ed.). Sidcup, UK: Psychological Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J., Allison, C., Scott, F., Stott, C., Bolton, P., Baron-Cohen, S., et al. (2006). The Childhood Asperger Syndrome Test (CAST): Test-retest reliability. Autism, 10(4), 415–427.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, E., Thomas, K., Sidebotham, H., & Emond, A. (2008). Prevalence and characteristics of autistic spectrum disorders in the ALSPAC cohort. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 50(9), 672–677.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We are extremely grateful to all the families who took part in this study, the midwives for their help in recruiting them, and the whole ALSPAC team, which includes interviewers, computer and laboratory technicians, clerical workers, research scientists, volunteers, managers, receptionists and nurses. The authors specifically thank Drs. Jean Golding and Alan Emond for their helpful comments regarding this project. The UK Medical Research Council (74882), the Wellcome Trust (076467) and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. This publication is the work of the authors and Elise Robinson, who will serve as guarantors for the content of this paper. The research was specifically funded by a National Institute of Mental Health/NIH Research Fellowship in Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities (MH/DD) at The Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School (MH71286) and the Training Program in Psychiatric Genetics and Translational Research at the Harvard School of Public Health (T32MH017119).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elise B. Robinson.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Robinson, E.B., Munir, K., McCormick, M.C. et al. Brief Report: No Association Between Parental Age and Extreme Social-Communicative Autistic Traits in the General Population. J Autism Dev Disord 41, 1733–1737 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1202-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1202-4

Keywords

Navigation