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Security Analysis and Improvement of a Blind Semi-quantum Signature

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Abstract

Recently, Xia et al. proposed a semi-quantum blind signature protocol based on five-particle GHZ state. Their protocol can reduce the computation burden of the communicants. However, their protocol is not secure against forgery attack. We prove that the message sender and the signature receiver may conspire to forge the signer’s signature, because they master all the private keys of the signer. Then, both the signer and the signature receiver can deny a valid signature. Then, based on the three-particle GHZ state, an improved semi-quantum blind signature protocol is proposed. In the improved protocol, the signer shares the signing key with the trusted arbitrator. Even the message sender and the signature receiver conspire, it is infeasible for them to forge the signer’s signature. The improved scheme is secure against the disavowal attack. It has the better efficiency and practicability than the old version as well.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.62272090) and the Key Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province (Grant No.22A413010).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Software Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China

    Jie Cao, Xiangjun Xin & Chaoyang Li

  2. School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China

    Fagen Li

Authors
  1. Jie Cao
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  2. Xiangjun Xin
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  3. Chaoyang Li
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  4. Fagen Li
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. The scheme was designed by Jie cao and Chaoyang Li, the security of the scheme was analyzed by Xiangjun Xin and Fagen Li. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Jie Cao and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiangjun Xin.

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Cao, J., Xin, X., Li, C. et al. Security Analysis and Improvement of a Blind Semi-quantum Signature. Int J Theor Phys 62, 87 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-023-05350-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-023-05350-8

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