Abstract
In this paper, we aim to detecting Bell nonlocality based on the Hardy paradox. Firstly, motivated by the Hardy paradox, we derive some necessary conditions for a state to be Bell local and then obtain some sufficient conditions for discriminating Bell’s nonlocality; Secondly, we verify Bell nonlocality of any 2-qubit entangled pure state by the obtained sufficient conditions; Finally, we prove that any entangled pure state of a bipartite system can be projected as Bell nonlocal state.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Vedral, V., Plenio, M.B., Rippin, M.A., Knight, P.L.: Quantifying entanglement. Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2275 (1997)
Vidal, G., Werner, R.F.A.: Computable measure of entanglement. Phys. Rev. A 65, 032314 (2002)
Amico, L., Osterloh, A., Vedral, V.: Entanglement in many-body systems. Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 517 (2007)
Skrzypczyk, P., Navascues, M., Cavalcanti, D.: Quantifying Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering. Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 180404 (2014)
Sun, K., Ye, X.J., Xu, J.S., et al.: Experimental quantification of asymmetric Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering. Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 160404 (2016)
Cavalcanti, D., Skrzypczyk, P.: Quantum steering: a review with focus on semidefinite programming. Rep. Prog. Phys. 80, 024001 (2017)
Li, Z.W., Guo, Z.H., Cao, H.X.: Some characterizations of EPR steering. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 57, 3285 (2018)
Zheng, C.M., Guo, Z.H., Cao, H.X.: Generalized steering robustness of quantum states. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 57, 1787 (2018)
Yang, Y., Cao, H.X.: Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering inequalities and applications 20, 683 (2018)
Xiao, S., Guo, Z.H., Cao, H.X.: Quantum steering in tripartite quantum systems (in Chinese). Sci Sin-Phys Mech Astron 49, 010301 (2019)
Luo, S.L., Fu, S.S.: Measurement-Induced Nonlocality. Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 120401 (2011)
Guo, Y., Hou, J.C.: Local Channels Preserving the States Without Measurement-Induced Nonlocality. J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 46, 325301 (2013)
Cao, H.X., Guo, Z.H.: Characterizing Bell nonlocality and EPR steering. Sci. China-Phys. Mech. Astron. 62, 030311 (2019)
Hardy, L.: Quantum mechanics, local realistic theories, and Lorentz-invariant realistic theories. Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 2981 (1992)
Hardy, L.: Nonlocality for two particles without inequalities for almost all Entangled states. Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1665 (1993)
Boschi, D., Branca, S., Hardy, L.: Ladder proof of nonlocality without inequalities: theoretical and experimental results. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 2755 (1997)
Cereceda, J.L.: Hardy’s nonlocality for generalized n-particle GHZ states. Phys. Lett. A 327, 433 (2004)
Chen, J.L., Cabello, A., Xu, Z.P., Su, H.Y., Wu, C., Kwek, L.C.: Hardy’s paradox for high-dimensional systems. Phys. Rev. A. 88, 062116 (2013)
Jiang, S.H., Xu, Z.P., Su, H.Y., Pati, A.K., Chen, J.L.: Generalized Hardy’s paradox. Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 050403 (2018)
Yang, Y., Cao, H.X., Chen, L., Huang, Y.F.: Λ-nonlocality of multipartite states and the related nonlocality inequalities. Int. J. Theor. Phys. 57, 1498–1515 (2018)
Acknowledgments
This subject was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11871318, 11771009, 11571211) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (GK201703010).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dong, Z., Yang, Y. & Cao, H. Detecting Bell Nonlocality Based on the Hardy Paradox. Int J Theor Phys 59, 1644–1656 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-020-04432-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-020-04432-1