Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ricci Dark Energy of Amended FRW Universe in Chern-Simon Modified Gravity

  • Published:
International Journal of Theoretical Physics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The energy density of the universe is proportional to the Ricci scalar curvature in the dynamical Chern-Simon (CS) modified gravity. In this paper, we consider the Amended Friedman-Robertson-Walker (AFRW) universe and explore its scale factor and the Ricci Dark Energy. These turned out to be well-defined and definite. We compare the scale factors of FRW, Generalized Chaplygin gas (GCG) and AFRW models graphically. The combined graph of these models show that the behavior of both FRW and AFRW models is similar as these overlap each other for choosing particular values of the integration constants. Also, we draw a combined graph of the Ricci dark energy densities of FRW and AFRW models, in CS gravity, and the energy density of GCG. It shows that the densities of former two models are increasing with time while the energy density of GCG is decreasing.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Riess, A.G., et al.: Astron. J. 116, 1009 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. Perlmutter, S., et al.: Astrophys. J. 517, 565 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. Tonry, J.L., et al.: Astrophys. J. 1, 594 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  4. de Bernardis, P., et al.: Nature 404, 955 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. Hanany, S., et al.: Astrophys. J. 545, 5 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. Peebles, P.J.E., Ratra, B.: Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 559 (2003)

    Article  ADS  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  7. Buchdahl, H.A.: Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 150, 1 (1970)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. Kerner, R.: Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 14, 453 (1982)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  9. Duruisseau, J.P., Kerner, R., Eysseric, P.: Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 15, 797 (1983)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. Lue, A., Wang, L.M., Kamionkowski, M.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 1506 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. Jackiw, R.: Phys. Rev. D68, 104012 (2003)

    ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Alexander, S., Yunes, N.: Phys. Rept. 480, 1 (2009)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Li, M.: Phys. Lett. 603, 1 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Hsu, S.D.H.: Phys. Lett. B594, 13 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. Cohen, A., Kaplan, D., Nelson, A.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4971 (1999)

    Article  ADS  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Chattopadhyay, S., Pasqua, A., Roy, S.: High Ene. Phys. doi: 10.1155/2013/251498

  17. Gao, C., Wu, F., Chen, X., Shen, Y-G.: Phys. Rev. D79, 043511 (2009)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. Silva, J.G., Santos, A.F.: Eur. Phys. J. C73, 2500 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. Fabris, J.C., Goncalves, S.V.B., de Sa Ribeiro, R.: Gen. Rel. Grav. 36, 211 (2004)

    Article  ADS  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. John, H.: J. of Cosmology V6, 1485 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Gao, C., Wu, F., Chen, X., Shen, Y-G.: Phys. Rev. D79, 043511 (2009)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. Myung, Y.S.: Eur. Phys. J. C73, 2515 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the remarkable assistance of the Higher Education Commission Islamabad, Pakistan, and thankful for its financial support through the Indigenous PhD 5000 Fellowship Program Batch-III.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

    M. Jamil Amir

  2. Department of Mathematics, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan

    Sarfraz Ali

Authors
  1. M. Jamil Amir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sarfraz Ali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Jamil Amir.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Amir, M.J., Ali, S. Ricci Dark Energy of Amended FRW Universe in Chern-Simon Modified Gravity. Int J Theor Phys 54, 1362–1369 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-014-2334-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-014-2334-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation