Skip to main content
Log in

The Current Landscape of Faculty Developers in Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Across Diverse Campuses in the United States

  • Published:
Innovative Higher Education Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Centers for Teaching and Learning (CTLs) are uniquely poised to support instructors engaging in Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) through professional expertise in evidence-based teaching practice and dedicated staff resources. Models for this support have ranged from purely a funding source, to learning communities, to one-off technical training and consultations, to comprehensive mentoring and partnerships. In the decade since Schwartz and Haynie published “Faculty Development Centers and the Role of SoTL,” we aimed to profile the current landscape of university CTLs and their involvement in SoTL. In this review, we draw on the multiple models of CTL participation in SoTL developed by Lukes et al. to categorize the work conducted at a sample of American institutions. Using a data mining approach of publicly available information online, we compiled a sample dataset that shows the distribution of CTLs across the US engaging in various forms of SoTL. We examine current trends of CTL and SoTL presence amongst institution types and geographic regions, with consideration for different SoTL program models. We conclude with a discussion of the current landscape of CTLs and their SoTL involvement compared to our aspirations: what will the future of faculty development look like, and what role will SoTL play? Given the pros and cons of each different model for CTL and SoTL integration, is the current distribution of these models as effective as it could be? What changes could lead to greater impact both for CTLs and for SoTL?

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

The data used in this study is available from the educationdata package in R developed by Tyagi and Ueyama and can be accessed at https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/educationdata/index.html. The code used for this study as well as the de-identified file dataset generated as a result of this work can be accessed at https://github.com/mesako/ctl-sotl-study. While this study used publicly available website data, individual participants did not supply this data for the purpose of this study. Given the sensitivities of a comparative meta-analysis of the work of faculty developers across institutions, the author has chosen to protect the identities of individual institutions and the work portfolio of their CTLs. The exact identities of the institutions included in the random stratified sample is available upon request to repeat this study.

References

  • Balster, N., Pfund, C., Rediske, R., & Branchaw, J. (2010). Entering research: A course that creates community and structure for beginning undergraduate researchers in the STEM disciplines. CBE Life Sciences Education, 9(2), 108–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benoit, K., Watanabe, K., Wang, H., Nulty, P., Obeng, A., Müller, S., & Matsuo, A. (2018). quanteda: An R package for the quantitative analysis of textual data. Journal of Open Source Software, 3(30), 774.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boshier, R. (2009). Why is the scholarship of teaching and learning such a hard sell? Higher Education Research & Development, 28(1), 1–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyer, E. L. (1990). Scholarship reconsidered: Priorities of the professoriate. Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyle, B., Lamprianou, I., & Boyle, T. (2005). A longitudinal study of teacher change: What makes professional development effective? Report of the second year of the study. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 16(1), 1–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Budd, A., Dinkel, H., Corpas, M., Fuller, J. C., Rubinat, L., Devos, D. P., Khoueiry, P. H., Förstner, K. U., Georgatos, F., Rowland, F., Sharan, M., Binder, J. X., Grace, T., Traphagen, K., Gristwood, A., & Wood, N. T. (2015). Ten simple rules for organizing an unconference. PLoS Computational Biology, 11(1), e1003905.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education®. (2022). CARNEGIE CLASSIFICATION OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION. https://carnegieclassifications.acenet.edu/

  • Chen Musgrove, M. M., Nied, S., Cooley, A., Schinske, J. N., & Corwin, L. A. (2022). Engaging with CC Bio INSITES: Experiences of barriers, supports, and belonging in community college faculty participating in biology education research. CBE Life Sciences Education, 21(2), ar16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cox, M. D. (2004). Introduction to faculty learning communities. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 2004(97), 5–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Engin, M., & Atkinson, F. (2015). Faculty learning communities: A model for supporting curriculum changes in higher education. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 27(2), 164–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Felten, P. (2013). Principles of good practice in SoTL. Teaching and Learning Inquiry, 1(1), 121–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Felten, P., & Chick, N. (2018). Is SoTL a signature pedagogy of educational development? To Improve the Academy, 37(1), 4–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fukuzawa, S., Ashbourne, D., & Rawle, F. (2020). Overcoming challenges to impactful SoTL. In R. C. Plews & M. L. Amos (Eds.), Evidence-based faculty development through the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) (pp. 366–387). IGI Global.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Goto, S. T., & Davis, A. C. (2009). Chapter 13: Promoting the scholarship of teaching and learning at community colleges. To Improve the Academy, 27(1), 249–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hale, E., & Bessette, L. S. (2016). New frontiers: Exploring the power and possibilities of the unconference as a transformative approach to faculty development. The Journal of Faculty Development, 30(2), 9–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardy, I. (2010). Critiquing teacher professional development: Teacher learning within the field of teachers’ work. Critical Studies in Education, 51(1), 71–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kern, B., Mettetal, G., Dixson, M., & Morgan, R. K. (2015). The role of SoTL in the academy: Upon the 25th anniversary of Boyer’s scholarship reconsidered. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 15(3), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.14434/josotl.v15i3.13623

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuh, G. D. (2008). Excerpt from high-impact educational practices: What they are, who has access to them, and why they matter. Association of American Colleges and Universities, 14(3), 28–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lukes, L., Abbot, S., Henry, D., Baum, L., Wells, M., Wheeler, L., Case, K., & Brantmeier, E. (2022). Scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) Program Taxonomy. Retrieved November 18, 2022, from http://ebot.gmu.edu/handle/1920/12989

  • Lydon, S., & King, C. (2009). Can a single, short continuing professional development workshop cause change in the classroom? Professional Development in Education, 35(1), 63–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meixner, C., Altman, M., Good, M. R., Ward, E. B., Altman, M., Good, M., & Ward, E. B. (2021). Longitudinal impact of faculty participation in a course design institute (CDI) faculty motivation and perception of expectancy, value, and cost. To Improve the Academy, 40(1). https://doi.org/10.3998/tia.959

  • Moody, J. (2023). More colleges will likely face closure in 2023, experts say. Retrieved June 22, 2023, from https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2023/01/19/more-colleges-will-likely-face-closure-2023-experts-say

  • Personal Consumption Expenditures by State, 2021. (n.d.). Retrieved April 3, 2023, from https://www.bea.gov/news/2022/personal-consumption-expenditures-state-2021

  • Reyes, M.-E. (2011). Unique challenges for women of color in STEM transferring from community colleges to universities. Harvard Educational Review, 81(2), 241–263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richlin, L., & Cox, M. D. (2004). Developing scholarly teaching and the scholarship of teaching and learning through faculty learning communities. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 2004(97), 127–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schinske, J. N., Balke, V. L., Bangera, M. G., Bonney, K. M., Brownell, S. E., Carter, R. S., Curran-Everett, D., Dolan, E. L., Elliott, S. L., Fletcher, L., Gonzalez, B., Gorga, J. J., Hewlett, J. A., Kiser, S. L., McFarland, J. L., Misra, A., Nenortas, A., Ngeve, S. M., Pape-Lindstrom, P. A., … Corwin, L. A. (2017). Broadening participation in biology education research: Engaging community college students and faculty. CBE Life Sciences Education, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.16-10-0289

  • Schwartz, B. M., & Haynie, A. (2013). Faculty development centers and the role of SoTL. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 2013(136), 101–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strayhorn, T. L. (2018). College students’ sense of belonging: A key to educational success for all students. Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Sufi, S., Nenadic, A., Silva, R., Duckles, B., Simera, I., de Beyer, J. A., Struthers, C., Nurmikko-Fuller, T., Bellis, L., Miah, W., Wilde, A., Emsley, I., Philippe, O., Balzano, M., Coelho, S., Ford, H., Jones, C., & Higgins, V. (2018). Ten simple rules for measuring the impact of workshops. PLoS Computational Biology, 14(8), e1006191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teaching-as-Research. (n.d.). Retrieved April 3, 2023, from https://cirtl.net/teaching-as-research/

  • The Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System. (n.d.). Retrieved April 3, 2023, from https://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/

  • Trujillo, G., & Tanner, K. D. (2014). Considering the role of affect in learning: monitoring students’ self-efficacy, sense of belonging, and science identity. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 13(1), 6–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tyagi, E., Ueyama, K., & The Urban Institute. (2022). educationdata: Retrieve Records from the Urban Institute’s Education Data Portal API. Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN). https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=educationdata

  • Vercio, C., Peltier, C., Ryan, M., Khidir, A., Jackson, J., Dallaghan, G. B., & Paul, C. R. (2022). Can we ensure that workshops are effective in their goal? Impact of a national education workshop on participants’ subsequent scholarship. Medical Science Educator, 32(2), 287–290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weston, T. J., Seymour, E., Koch, A. K., & Drake, B. M. (2019). Weed-out classes and their consequences. In E. Seymour & A.-B. Hunter (Eds.), Talking about leaving revisited: Persistence, relocation, and loss in undergraduate STEM education (pp. 197–243). Springer International Publishing.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wickham, H. (2009). ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis. Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, W. B., & Tanner, K. D. (2012). The role of the lecturer as tutor: Doing what effective tutors do in a large lecture class. CBE Life Sciences Education, 11(1), 3–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Melissa E. Ko.

Ethics declarations

Declarations

The author did not receive financial support from any organization for the submitted work.

The author has no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

ESM 1

(DOCX 19.5 KB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ko, M.E. The Current Landscape of Faculty Developers in Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Across Diverse Campuses in the United States. Innov High Educ 48, 1009–1032 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-023-09666-5

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-023-09666-5

Keywords

Navigation